{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:55:43Z","timestamp":1783137343745,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005972","name":"German Cancer Aid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70113366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70113366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005972","name":"German Cancer Aid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70113371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70113371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is well established, and sun protection behavior represents an important preventative measure. In children, caregivers play a key role in this regard. The subject of this study was threefold: whether caregivers of 1 to 11 year-old children are more likely to use sun protection measures compared to non-caregivers, whether considering oneself a role model is associated with sun protection behaviors, and whether their sun protection and risk behaviors are related to children\u2019s behaviors. We used data from the 2020 wave of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM) comprised of 4000 individuals (including 554 caregivers of at least one child aged 1\u201310 years) aged 16 to 65 years and living in Germany. Data were collected through telephone interviews between October and December 2020. No significant differences between caregivers and non-caregivers regarding sun protection and risk behaviors were identified (except tanning on vacation). In both groups, sun protection behaviors were deficient. Caregivers who considered themselves role models concerning sun safety were more likely to use sun protection measures (e.g., using sunscreen on the face: OR = 5.08, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, caregivers\u2019 sun protection behaviors were positively associated with children\u2019s behaviors. Caregivers being highly protected against UVR were more likely to report the use of different measures by\/in the child (mean = 4.03), compared to caregivers with medium (3.41) and low (2.97, p &lt; 0.001) protection levels. However, we also found that caregivers\u2019 risk behavior was associated with children\u2019s reported risk behavior. For future prevention, it might be worth focusing on the aspect of caregivers serving as role models. A comprehensive public-health strategy is needed, including key figures such as pediatricians to prevent today\u2019s children from developing skin cancer in later life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T09:42:32Z","timestamp":1654335752000},"page":"6876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sun Protection and Tanning Behaviors in Caregivers: Prevalence, Determinants, and Associations with Children\u2019s Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5408-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Diehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlijn","family":"Thoonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental Safety and Security, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckhard W.","family":"Breitbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Pr\u00e4vention, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2234-1215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette B.","family":"Pfahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3435-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"G\u00f6rig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2996","article-title":"Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"5","author":"Fitzmaurice","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e791","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3502","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation: A hazard to children and adolescents","volume":"127","author":"Balk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04474.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer","volume":"49","author":"Narayanan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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