{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T01:44:44Z","timestamp":1768873484302,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000960","name":"Healthway Special Research Initiative: Alcohol Policy and Prevention Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship","award":["24070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24070"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government under the Drug and Alcohol Program","award":["24070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24070"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction and aims: Associations between bar trading hours, a government lever for controlling alcohol availability, nightlife-goer intoxication levels and their likelihood of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have not been explored. We investigated whether: (i) participant AUD was associated with blood alcohol concentration (BAC); and, (ii) any association between AUD and BAC was moderated by participant preferred bar (i.e., venue spent most time at) closing time. Design and methods: A cross-sectional observational study using a sample of nightlife-goers who went out drinking in Perth, Western Australia, on weekends in 2015-16. Participants who reported alcohol use that night and spent most time in a bar (n = 667) completed street intercept surveys including AUDIT-C (n = 459) and provided a breath sample to estimate BAC (n = 651). We used gender-specific multinomial logistic regression models to explore associations between participant AUDIT-C score (1\u20134, lower risk; 5\u20137, hazardous; 8\u201312, active AUD), preferred bar type (standard vs. late closing time based on absence or presence of an extended trading permit) and BAC (male: 0\u20130.049, 0.05\u20130.099, \u22650.1 g\/100 mL; female: 0\u20130.049, 0.05\u20130.079, \u22650.08 g\/100 mL). Results: Males with active AUD (RR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.30\u20138.42; p = 0.01) and females with hazardous\/active AUD (RR = 9.75; 95% CI 2.78\u201334.21; p &lt; 0.001) were both more likely to have high-range BAC than their counterparts typically drinking at lower risk. We also found preferred bar type moderated the association between AUDIT-C score and BAC for some males but no females. Males with active AUD and high-range BAC were less likely to prefer late closing bars than males usually drinking at lower risk and high-range BAC (RR = 0.12; 95% CI 0.02\u20130.96; p = 0.046). Discussion and conclusions: Our study provides evidence of positive associations between AUD and acute intoxication among nightlife-goers and on the moderating effect of bar closing times among males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T02:25:33Z","timestamp":1654827933000},"page":"7026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between Bar Closing Time, Alcohol Use Disorders and Blood Alcohol Concentration: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Nightlife-Goers in Perth, Australia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9013-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martyn","family":"Symons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kypros","family":"Kypri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6896-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-Social Behaviour Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8871-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya","family":"Chikritzhs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Heather, N., and Stockwell, T. 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