{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:54:26Z","timestamp":1776218066064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute for Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA048529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA048529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute for Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA048529-02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA048529-02S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA048529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA048529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA048529-02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA048529-02S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study asks young adult cigarillo users to categorize their preferred flavor in order to examine user consensus and potential methodological and regulatory implications of flavor name-based categorization systems. Young adult (21\u201328 years) cigarillo users (n = 426) named and categorized their favorite cigarillo flavor into one of seven categories: Fruit, Sweet and Candy, Mint, Alcohol, Menthol, Tobacco, and Other. Flavor responses were coded as characterizing (ex: Grape, Wine) or concept (ex: Jazz, Diamond) flavors. Variation within and between categories was assessed, including the presence of concept flavors and the placement of flavors in multiple categories. Of the 66 unique flavor names provided, participants placed 20 (30.1%) in more than one flavor category. Most of the Tobacco (76.9%) and Other (69.2%) flavor names appeared in multiple categories. The majority of flavor names in the Tobacco (69.2%) and Other (61.5%) categories were concept flavors. Concept flavors were placed in multiple categories (45.0%) twice as often as characterizing flavors (23.9%). This study has identified dissonance among cigarillo users\u2019 flavor categorizations, particularly for concept flavored and unflavored products. Flavor names may obscure how and whether a product is flavored. Research on and regulation of flavored tobacco products should classify products by flavor additives rather than by name alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T06:31:59Z","timestamp":1655101919000},"page":"7219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dissonance in Young Adult Cigarillo Users\u2019 Categorization of Concept Flavored and Unflavored Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6162-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Osborn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7911-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica P.","family":"Suratkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie N.","family":"Pike Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Koopman Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kymberle L.","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Quisenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth G.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5021-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika S.","family":"Trapl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease (2021, July 17). Washington, DC: Institute of Health Metrics. Available online: https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/gbd\/2019."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.44.1.8","article-title":"Prevalence and Reasons for Use of Flavored Cigars and ENDS among US Youth and Adults: Estimates from Wave 4 of the PATH Study, 2016\u20132017","volume":"44","author":"Rostron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx153","article-title":"Flavors and Risk: Perceptions of Flavors in Little Cigars and Cigarillos among U.S. Adults, 2015","volume":"20","author":"Nyman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.3.4.7","article-title":"Little Cigars vs 3R4F Cigarette: Physical Properties and HPHC Yields","volume":"3","author":"Hamad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob. Regul. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt115","article-title":"Differential Effects of Bitter Compounds on the Taste Transduction Channels TRPM5 and IP3 Receptor Type 3","volume":"39","author":"Gees","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"U.S. National Cancer Institute (2017). A Socioecological Approach to Addressing Tobacco-Related Health Disparities, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022, May 26). Cigars: Fact Sheet, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/data_statistics\/fact_sheets\/tobacco_industry\/cigars\/index.htm."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.2.3.4","article-title":"Little Cigars and Cigarillos: Users, Perceptions, and Reasons for Use","volume":"2","author":"Nyman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tob. Regul. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx041","article-title":"Flavored Cigars Appeal to Younger, Female, and Racial\/Ethnic Minority College Students","volume":"20","author":"Hinds","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051408","article-title":"Preference for flavoured cigar brands among youth, young adults and adults in the USA","volume":"24","author":"Delnevo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.07.005","article-title":"Cigar-Smoking Patterns by Race\/Ethnicity and Cigar Type: A Nationally Representative Survey Among U.S. Adults","volume":"60","author":"Le","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneller, L.M., Bansal-Travers, M., Goniewicz, M.L., McIntosh, S., Ossip, D., and O\u2019Connor, R.J. (2019). Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes and the Type of E-Cigarette Devices Used among Adults and Youth in the US\u2014Results from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2015\u20132016). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16162991"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106077","article-title":"The role of flavors in vaping initiation and satisfaction among U.S. adults","volume":"99","author":"Landry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919830967","article-title":"Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes among Adolescents, Young Adults, and Older Adults: Findings from the Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health Study","volume":"134","author":"Soneji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1381","article-title":"A Method for Classifying User-Reported Electronic Cigarette Liquid Flavors","volume":"19","author":"Yingst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.3.2(Suppl1).2","article-title":"Changes in the Mass-merchandise Cigar Market since the Tobacco Control Act","volume":"3","author":"Delnevo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob. Regul. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.05.004","article-title":"Popular Flavors Used in Alternative Tobacco Products Among Young Adults","volume":"65","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053552","article-title":"Flavour chemicals in a sample of non-cigarette tobacco products without explicit flavour names sold in New York City in 2015","volume":"27","author":"Farley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2015-052518","article-title":"A cigar by any other name would taste as sweet","volume":"25","author":"Viola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawyer, G.R., Jackson, M., Prinz, M., Lamb, T., Wang, Q., Muthumalage, T., and Rahman, I. (2019). Classification of flavors in cigarillos and little cigars and their variable cellular and acellular oxidative and cytotoxic responses. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226066"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054348","article-title":"National and state patterns of concept-flavoured cigar sales, USA, 2012\u20132016","volume":"28","author":"Gammon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11187","article-title":"Presence of High-Intensity Sweeteners in Popular Cigarillos of Varying Flavor Profiles","volume":"320","author":"Erythropel","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2019-055454","article-title":"Global review of tobacco product flavour policies","volume":"30","author":"Erinoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration (2022, May 04). Tobacco Product Standard for Characterizing Flavors in Cigars, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/158013\/download."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106537","article-title":"Cigarillo and multiple tobacco product use and nicotine dependence in adolescents and young adults","volume":"111","author":"Ishler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12619","DOI":"10.2196\/12619","article-title":"Effectiveness of Social Media Approaches to Recruiting Young Adult Cigarillo Smokers: Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"22","author":"Cavallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2017.0175","article-title":"Tobacco Use among Adults by Sexual Orientation: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study","volume":"5","author":"Wheldon","year":"2018","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2022, February 22). Qualtrics Online Survey Software. Available online: https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/uk\/core-xm\/survey-software\/."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab077","article-title":"Recognizing and Preventing Participant Deception in Online Nicotine and Tobacco Research Studies: Suggested Tactics and a Call to Action","volume":"23","author":"Heffner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"55","article-title":"Attention check items and instructions in online surveys with incentivized and non-incentivized samples: Boon or bane for data quality?","volume":"14","author":"Shamon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surv. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"American Association for Public Opinion Research (2022, February 22). Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys. Encycl. Surv. Res. Methods., Available online: https:\/\/www.aapor.org\/AAPOR_Main\/media\/publications\/Standard-4Definitions20169theditionfinal.pdf."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"585","article-title":"A discarded cigar package survey in New York City: Indicators of non-compliance with local flavoured tobacco restrictions","volume":"29","author":"Kurti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"412","article-title":"Changes in cigarillo availability following implementation of a local flavoured tobacco sales restriction","volume":"29","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107290","article-title":"Factors associated with changes in flavored tobacco products used: Findings from wave 2 and wave 3 (2014\u20132016) of the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study","volume":"130","author":"Rivard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-052961","article-title":"Identification of flavour additives in tobacco products to develop a flavour library","volume":"27","author":"Visser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.6.3.4","article-title":"Menthol, Nicotine, and Flavoring Content of Capsule Cigarettes in the US","volume":"6","author":"Schneller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob. Regul. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305561","article-title":"Flavored Tobacco Sales Prohibition (2009) and Noncigarette Tobacco Products in Retail Stores (2017), New York City","volume":"110","author":"Farley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donovan, E., Folger, S., Akbar, M., and Schillo, B. (2021). Classifying the comprehensiveness of flavoured tobacco sales restrictions: Development and application of a tool to examine US state and local tobacco policies. Tob. Control.","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-057042"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramamurthi, D., Chau, C., Berke, H.Y., Tolba, A.M., Yuan, L., Kanchan, V., Santos, G., and Jackler, R.K. (2022). Flavour spectrum of the Puff family of disposable e-cigarettes. Tob. Control.","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056780"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053206","article-title":"Unicorns cartoons: Marketing sweet and creamy e-juice to youth","volume":"26","author":"Jackler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"FDA (2022, February 10). Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, Available online: https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/PLAW-111publ31\/pdf\/PLAW-111publ31.pdf."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.1c00361","article-title":"A Computational Approach for Respiratory Hazard Identification of Flavor Chemicals in Tobacco Products","volume":"35","author":"Goel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305677","article-title":"A List of Permissible Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Ingredients Would Be More Effective","volume":"110","author":"Hemmerich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/12\/7219\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:28:36Z","timestamp":1760138916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/12\/7219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19127219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19127219","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]}}}