{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:38:01Z","timestamp":1793389081317,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002803","name":"Fondazione Cariplo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-0941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-0941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health to IRCCS INRCA","award":["2017-0941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-0941"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>When frail older people age alone in place, with increasing functional limitations, they require support in performing daily living activities. In this respect, it is important to assess their preferences in terms of future housing solutions, and their opinions\/orientations on the care responsibilities of both family and public services. The present study aimed to explore these aspects in Italy. Qualitative interviews were carried out in 2019 within the \u201cInclusive ageing in place\u201d (IN-AGE) research project, involving 120 frail older people who lived at home in three Italian regions (Lombardy, Marche, and Calabria). A content analysis was conducted, and some quantifications of interviewees\u2019 statements were provided. The results revealed that the majority of seniors prefer ageing at home, at least with a personal care assistant (PCA), whereas moving to a nursing home is typically deemed as a last option. Moreover, they considered the family to be primarily responsible for taking care of them, even with the support of public services. In addition, some territorial differences emerged. Strengthening an integrated model of long-term care (LTC) for older people, where both formal and informal supports allow frail older people to age at home, seems thus a good overall policy solution to pursue, with interventions based also on the needs and preferences of both seniors and their respective families.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T01:48:12Z","timestamp":1655430492000},"page":"7413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Caring for Frail Older People Living Alone in Italy: Future Housing Solutions and Responsibilities of Family and Public Services, a Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4428-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Melchiorre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA\u2014National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8986-5216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"D\u2019Amen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA\u2014National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Quattrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA\u2014National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-9544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Lamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA\u2014National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9093-2167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Socci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, IRCCS INRCA\u2014National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnr098","article-title":"The meaning of \u201caging in place\u201d to older people","volume":"52","author":"Wiles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C.M., Lin, C.H., Li, C.I., Liu, C.S., Lin, W.Y., Li, T.C., and Lin, C.C. (2021). Frailty status changes are associated with healthcare utilization and subsequent mortality in the elderly population. BMC Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10688-x"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, C., Ding, Y., Cui, Y., Zhu, S., Li, X., Chen, S., Zhou, R., and Yu, Y. (2021). The adaptation of older adults\u2019 transition to residential care facilities and cultural factors: A meta-synthesis. BMC Geriatr., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01987-w"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chun, S., Han, K., Lee, S., Cho, M.-H., Jeong, S.-M., Jung, H.-W., Son, K.-Y., Shin, D.-W., and Lee, S.-C. (2022). Impact of Frailty on the Relationship between Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality in Young-Old Adults. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030418"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101355","article-title":"Testing the feasibility of a primary-care exercise intervention to prevent and reverse early frailty and build resilience in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"46","author":"Travers","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101260","article-title":"Development and validation of a knowledge-based score to predict Fried\u2019s frailty phenotype across multiple settings using one-year hospital discharge data: The electronic frailty score","volume":"44","author":"Pogam","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-020-00017-z","article-title":"The physical frailty syndrome as a transition from homeostatic symphony to cacophony","volume":"1","author":"Fried","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rand, D., Sternberg, S.A., Gasner Winograd, R., Buckman, Z., and Bentur, N. (2022). The Contribution of Frailty to Participation of Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031616"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.722","article-title":"Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits","volume":"62","author":"Rockwood","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.010","article-title":"Frailty and the prediction of negative health outcomes: A meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Vermeiren","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.08.010","article-title":"Frailty syndrome and associated factors in community dwelling elderly in Northeast Brazil","volume":"54","author":"Dias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vermeulen, J., Neyens, J.C., Van Rossum, E., Spreeuwenberg, M.D., and De Witte, L.P. (2011). Predicting ADL disability in community dwelling elderly people using physical frailty indicators: A systematic review. BMC Geriatr., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-11-33"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u0119drzejczyk, M., Fory\u015b, W., Czapla, M., and Uchmanowicz, I. (2022). Relationship between Multimorbidity and Disability in Elderly Patients with Coexisting Frailty Syndrome. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063461"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw035","article-title":"Multimorbidity Combinations and Disability in Older Adults","volume":"71","author":"Markwardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.20.0002","article-title":"Measuring frailty in health care databases for clinical care and research","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Geriatr. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"226","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty at population level in European ADVANTAGE Joint Action Member States: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Galluzzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.06.025","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in nursing homes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kojima","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: A systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Collard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"675","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries","volume":"64","author":"Spagnoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melchiorre, M.G., Quattrini, S., Lamura, G., and Socci, M. (2022). Role and Characteristics of Personal Care Assistants of Frail Older People with Functional Limitations Ageing in Place in Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073969"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melchiorre, M.G., Quattrini, S., Lamura, G., and Socci, M. (2021). A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Care Arrangements of Older People with Limited Physical Abilities Living Alone in Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182412996"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"LPS.10","article-title":"Ageing in place in different care regimes. The role of care arrangements and the implications for the quality of life and social isolation of frail older people","volume":"3","author":"Costa","year":"2020","journal-title":"DAStU Work. Pap. Ser."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"NNA\u2014Network Non Autosufficienza (2020). L\u2019Assistenza agli Anziani non Autosufficienti in Italia. 7\u00b0 Rapporto 2020\/2021. Punto di non Ritorno, Maggioli Editore. Available online: http:\/\/www.irisonline.it\/web\/images\/7dicembre2020\/nna_2020_7%B0_rapporto.pdf."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Sowa-Kofta, A., Marcinkowska, I., Ruzik-Sierdzi\u0144ska, A., and Mackevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, R. (2021). Ageing Policies: Access to Services in Different Member States, Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, European Parliament. Available online: https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2021\/662940\/IPOL_STU(2021)662940_EN.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"NNA, and Network Non Autosufficienza (2017). La bussola di NNA: Lo stato dell\u2019arte basato sui dati. L\u2019Assistenza Agli Anziani non Autosufficienti in Italia, 6 Rapporto 2017\/2018, Il Tempo delle Risposte, Maggioli Editore. Available online: https:\/\/www.sanlazzarosociale.it\/docs\/805\/rapporto-del-network-nna-2017-18.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"5","article-title":"La solitudine dei numeri ultimi","volume":"1","author":"Ranci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Abit. Anziani"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"DOMINA\u2014National Association of Domestic Employer Families (2018). Il Valore del Lavoro Domestico, Fondazione Leone Moressa. Available online: https:\/\/associazionedomina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Lavoro-domestico-Associazione-Domina-9-16-X-24.pdf."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2020). DOMINA\u2014National Association of Domestic Employer Families. Secondo Rapporto Annuale sul Lavoro Domestico: Analisi, Statistiche, Trend Nazionali e Locali, Fondazione Leone Moressa. Available online: https:\/\/www.osservatoriolavorodomestico.it\/documenti\/Rapporto-2020-lavoro-domestico-osservatorio-domina.pdf."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098008099356","article-title":"Ageing in place? Exploring elderly people\u2019s housing preferences in Spain","volume":"46","author":"Elvira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X11000808","article-title":"Changing residential mobility rates of older people in Sweden","volume":"32","author":"Andersson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2015.12.002","article-title":"Liminal homes: Older people, loss of capacities, and the present future of living spaces","volume":"37","author":"Leibing","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aging Stud."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X14001214","article-title":"\u201cAt home it\u2019s just so much easier to be yourself\u201d: Older adults\u2019 perceptions of ageing in place","volume":"36","author":"Stones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027500225003","article-title":"A life-course perspective on housing expectations and shifts in late life","volume":"22","author":"Robinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filipovi\u010d Hrast, M., Sendi, R., and Kerbler, B. (2020). Housing Choices of Older People: Staying or Moving in the Case of High Care Needs. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072888"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molina-Mula, J., Gallo-Estrada, J., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Trujillo, A. (2020). Self-Perceptions and Behavior of Older People Living Alone. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238739"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghen\u021ba, M., Matei, A., Mladen-Macovei, L., Vasilescu, M.D., and Bob\u00e2rnat, E.S. (2021). Sustainable Care and Factors Associated with Quality of Life among Older Beneficiaries of Social Services. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13031572"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt070","article-title":"Relocation remembered: Perspectives on senior transitions in the living environment","volume":"54","author":"Perry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027507307919","article-title":"There\u2019s no place like home: A hazard model analysis of aging in place among older homeowners in the PSID","volume":"30","author":"Sabia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clough, R., Leamy, M., Miller, V., and Bright, L. (2004). Housing Decisions in Later Life, Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230005938"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3384\/ijal.1652-8670.116273","article-title":"How do unfamiliar environments convey meaning to older people? Urban dimensions of placelessness and attachment","volume":"6","author":"Phillips","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Ageing Later Life"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Binstock, R.H., and George, L.K. (2006). Internal and international migration. Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Spasova, S., Baeten, R., Coster, S., Ghailani, D., Pe\u00f1a-Casas, R., and Vanhercke, B. (2018). Challenges in Long-Term Care in Europe: A Study of National Policies, European Social Policy Network, European Commission. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/BlobServlet?docId=20225&langId=en."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"LPS.20","article-title":"Ageing in place e contesto abitativo. I condizionamenti dell\u2019ambiente costruito sulla qualit\u00e0 della vita e sui rischi di isolamento degli anziani fragili che invecchiano soli a casa propria: Barriere, mobilit\u00e0, socialit\u00e0","volume":"6","author":"Martinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"DAStU Work. Pap. Ser."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0194201900095","article-title":"Filial responsibility in care for elderly parents: A mixed study","volume":"32","author":"Aires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paul. Enferm."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-009-0117-9","article-title":"A European perspective on quality of life in old age","volume":"6","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"De Rossi, A. (2020). Riabitare l\u2019Italia. Aree Interne tra Abbandoni e Riconquiste, Donzelli Editore."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Bagnasco, A. (1977). Tre Italie: La Problematica Territoriale dello Sviluppo Italiano, Il Mulino."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmen (OECD) (2020). OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2020, OECD Publishing. Available online: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/publications\/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-26173212.htm."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) (2022). Popolazione Italiana Residente al 1\u00b0 Gennaio, 2022, ISTAT. Available online: http:\/\/demo.istat.it\/popres\/index.php?anno=2021&lingua=ita."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"National Strategy for Inner Areas (NSIA) (2021, September 20). Annual Report on the National Strategy for Inner Areas, Available online: https:\/\/www.agenziacoesione.gov.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Relazione_CIPE_2018.pdf."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) (2020). Le Misure della Vulnerabilit\u00e0: Un\u2019Applicazione a Diversi Ambiti Territoriali, ISTAT. Available online: https:\/\/www.istat.it\/it\/files\/\/2020\/12\/Le-misure-della-vulnerabilita.pdf."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colombo, F., Llena-Nozal, A., Mercier, J., and Tjadens, F. (2011). Help Wanted? Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care, OECD Publishing. Available online: https:\/\/read.oecd-ilibrary.org\/social-issues-migration-health\/help-wanted_9789264097759-en#page5.","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264097759-en"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Ritchie, J., and Lewis, J. (2003). Qualitative Research Practice. A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Lamura, G., Dohner, H., and Kofhal, C. (2008). Supporting Family Carers of Older People in Europe\u2013Empirical Evidence, Policy Trends and Future Perspectives, Lit Verlag."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x","article-title":"Assessing Self-Maintenance: Activities of Daily Living, Mobility, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living","volume":"31","author":"Katz","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) (2019). Conoscere il Mondo della Disabilit\u00e0: Persone, Relazioni e Istituzioni, ISTAT. Available online: https:\/\/www.istat.it\/it\/files\/2019\/12\/Disabilit%C3%A0-1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) (2011). Indagine Statistica Multiscopo Sulle Famiglie, ISTAT. Available online: https:\/\/www.istat.it\/it\/files\/\/2011\/01\/Arancio_Mod_IMF_8A.pdf."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"European Union (2016). Regulation 2016\/679 of the European parliament and of the Council. General data protection regulation. Off. J. Eur. Union., 679, L 119\/1. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2016\/679\/oj."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"72","article-title":"Framework Analysis: A Qualitative Methodology for Applied Policy Research","volume":"4","author":"Srivastava","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Adm. Gov."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Bryman, A., and Burgess, R.G. (1994). Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. Analyzing Gualitative Data, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"20","article-title":"Qualitative Content Analysis","volume":"1","author":"Mayring","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forum Qual. Soc. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Saldana, J. (2009). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Denzin, N.K., and Lincoln, Y.S. (2000). Software and qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage Publications. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gale, N.K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., and Redwood, S. (2013). Using the Framework Method for the Analysis of Qualitative Data in Multi-Disciplinary Health Research. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-117"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"281.1","article-title":"Using Microsoft Excel to Code and Thematically Analyse Qualitative Data: A Simple, Cost-Effective Approach","volume":"8","author":"Bree","year":"2016","journal-title":"AISHE J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800410364740","article-title":"Using Numbers in Qualitative Research","volume":"16","author":"Maxwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual. Inq."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Corden, A., and Sainsbury, R. (2006). Using Verbatim Quotations in Reporting Qualitative Social Research: Researchers\u2019 Views, The Social Policy Research Unit, University of York. Available online: https:\/\/www.york.ac.uk\/inst\/spru\/pubs\/pdf\/verbquotresearch.pdf."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Marshall, J. (2021, July 20). Using Quotes from Qualitative Data; White Paper: Arts & Humanities Communications. Available online: https:\/\/studylib.net\/doc\/10703440\/using-quotes-fromqualitative-data-joanne-marshall-januar."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chimento-D\u00edaz, S., S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda, P., Franco-Antonio, C., Santano-Mogena, E., Espino-Tato, I., and Cordovilla-Guardia, S. (2022). Factors Associated with the Acceptance of New Technologies for Ageing in Place by People over 64 Years of Age. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052947"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/14036096.2015.1104385","article-title":"Changing Preferences with Ageing\u2014Housing Choices and Housing Plans of Older People","volume":"33","author":"Abramsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hous. Theory Soc."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10901-015-9454-5","article-title":"Should I stay or should I go? Housing preferences upon retirement in Germany","volume":"31","author":"Kramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hous. Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulliner, E., Riley, M., and Maliene, V. (2020). Older People\u2019s Preferences for Housing and Environment Characteristics. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12145723"},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Zajczyk, F. (2018). Ageing city. Alimentazione e Qualit\u00e0 della Vita Nell\u2019Ageing Society, F. Angeli Editore."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"LPS.06","article-title":"Ageing in place and the built environment. Implications for the quality of life and the risks of isolation of frail older people","volume":"4","author":"Sarlo","year":"2019","journal-title":"DAStU Work. Pap. Ser."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-008-9019-y","article-title":"Ageing in place in the United Kingdom","volume":"32","author":"Sixsmith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ageing Int."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148287","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/148287","article-title":"Revisiting the role of neighbourhood change in social exclusion and inclusion of older people","volume":"2012","author":"Burns","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boland, L., L\u00e9gar\u00e9, F., Perez, M.M., Menear, M., Garvelink, M.M., McIsaac, D.I., Painchaud Gu\u00e9rard, G., Emond, J., Bri\u00e8re, N., and Stacey, D. (2017). Impact of home care versus alternative locations of care on elder health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews. BMC Geriatr., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0395-y"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"125","article-title":"Politiche di LTC e disuguaglianze nel caso italiano: Evidenze empiriche e ipotesi di riforma","volume":"1","author":"Arlotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Policies"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.467","article-title":"A phenomenological\u2013hermeneutic study exploring caring responsibility for a chronically ill, older parent with frailty","volume":"7","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurs. Open"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranci, C., and Pavolini, E. (2013). Italy: A case of missing reforms but incremental institutional change in Long Term Care. Reforms in Long Term Care Policies in Europe. Investigating Institutional Change and Social Impacts, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4502-9"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/03601277.2011.608610","article-title":"Tackling the phenomenon of elder abuse in Italy: A review of existing legislation and policies as learning resource","volume":"38","author":"Melchiorre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Educ. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw004","article-title":"Elder abuse: Global situation, risk factors, and prevention strategies","volume":"56","author":"Pillemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schweighart, R., Klemmt, M., Neuderth, S., and Teti, A. (2022). Needs and Needs Communication of Nursing Home Residents with Depressive Symptoms: A Qualitative Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063678"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Wang, R., Zhang, D., Zhao, X., and Su, Y. (2021). How Loneliness Worked on Suicidal Ideation among Chinese Nursing Home Residents: Roles of Depressive Symptoms and Resilience. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105472"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/33.2.212","article-title":"Amenity retirement migration process: A model and preliminary evidence","volume":"33","author":"Haas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2015.1052175","article-title":"Aging in Place vs. Relocation for Older Adults with Neurocognitive Disorder: Applications of Wiseman\u2019s Behavioral Model","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Soc. Work"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu169","article-title":"We had a beautiful home, but I think I\u2019m happier here. A good or better life in residential aged care","volume":"56","author":"Minney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6143645","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6143645","article-title":"The Factors Influencing the Sense of Home in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review from the Perspective of Residents","volume":"2016","author":"Rijnaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"009844","article-title":"Home or foster home care versus institutional long-term care for functionally dependent older people","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2021). Global Report on Ageism, WHO. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/social-determinants-of-health\/demographic-change-and-healthy-ageing\/combatting-ageism\/global-report-on-ageism."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molist-Brunet, N., Sevilla-S\u00e1nchez, D., Puigoriol-Juvanteny, E., Bajo-Pe\u00f1as, L., Cantizano-Baldo, I., Cabanas-Collell, L., and Espaulella-Panicot, J. (2022). Individualized Medication Review in Older People with Multimorbidity: A Comparative Analysis between Patients Living at Home and in a Nursing Home. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063423"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-009-0113-0","article-title":"Intergenerational Family Relations and Subjective Well-Being in Old Age: A Cross-National Study","volume":"6","author":"Katz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-008-0080-x","article-title":"Loneliness in urban neighbourhoods: An Anglo-Dutch comparison","volume":"5","author":"Scharf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"Olsberg, D., and Winters, M. (2005). Ageing in Place: Intergenerational and Intra-Familial Housing Transfers and Shifts in Later Life, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Available online: https:\/\/www.ahuri.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/migration\/documents\/AHURI_Final_Report_No88_Ageing_in_place_intergenerational_and_intrafamilial_housing_transfers_and_shifts_in_later_life.pdf."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/10522158.2013.865289","article-title":"In the best interest of the (adult) child: Ideas about kinship care of older adults","volume":"17","author":"Jennings","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fam. Soc. Work"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X14000646","article-title":"Life satisfaction among older people in Italy in a gender approach","volume":"35","author":"Meggiolaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"995","article-title":"Older Adults\u2019 Residential Proximity to Their Children: Changes After Cardiovascular Events","volume":"70","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"462","article-title":"Spouse and child availability for newly disabled older adults: Socioeconomic differences and potential role of residential proximity","volume":"70","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"153","article-title":"Older parents\u2019 expectations of moving closer to their children","volume":"53","author":"Silverstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027595173004","article-title":"Elderly parents and the geographic availability of their adult children","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"European Commission (2018). The 2018 Ageing Report, Publications Office of the European Union. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/sites\/info\/files\/economy-finance\/ip079_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusinovic, K., Bochove, M.V., and Sande, J.V. (2019). Senior Co-Housing in the Netherlands: Benefits and Drawbacks for Its Residents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16193776"},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"LPS.16","article-title":"Invecchiare a casa propria. Servizi e pratiche innovative per l\u2019ageing in place","volume":"2","author":"Sarlo","year":"2021","journal-title":"DAStU Work. Pap. Ser."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532480XADS0502_6","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 preferences for future care: Formal plans and familial support","volume":"5","author":"Roberto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Dev. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ervik, R., and Skogedal Lind\u00e9n, T. (2013). Ageing and long-term care in Poland and Italy: A comparative analysis. The Making of Ageing Policy: Theory and Practice in Europe, Edwar Elgar, Publishing Ltd.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781781952481"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/0958928708091058","article-title":"Restructuring the welfare state: Reforms in long-term care in Western European countries","volume":"18","author":"Pavolini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Eur. Soc. Policy"},{"key":"ref_108","unstructured":"Saraceno, C. (2018). L\u2019Equivoco della Famiglia, Collana i Robinson\/Letture."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1080\/14616696.2019.1694163","article-title":"Helping older parents in Europe: The importance of grandparenthood, gender and care regime","volume":"22","author":"Herlofson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Soc."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122416686521","article-title":"Own gender, sibling\u2019s gender, parent\u2019s gender. The division of elderly parent care among adult children","volume":"82","author":"Grigoryeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X13000639","article-title":"Gender differences in intergenerational care in European welfare states","volume":"35","author":"Haberkern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoefman, R.J., Meulenkamp, T.M., and De Jong, J.D. (2017). Who is responsible for providing care? Investigating the role of care tasks and past experiences in a cross-sectional survey in the Netherlands. BMC Health Serv. Res., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2435-5"},{"key":"ref_113","unstructured":"Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) (2022). Censimento Permanente della Popolazione: Le Famiglie in Italia. Anni 2018 e 2019. Popolazione e Abitazioni, ISTAT. Available online: https:\/\/www.istat.it\/it\/files\/\/2022\/03\/Censimento-permanente-della-popolazione_le-famiglie-in-Italia.pdf."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke, D., Bien, B., McKee, K., Krevers, B., Mestheneos, E., Di Rosa, M., Von dem Knesebeck, O., and Kofahl, C. (2018). For better or worse: Factors predicting outcomes of family care of older people over a one-year period. A six-country European study. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195294"},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"Zigante, V. (2018). Informal Care in Europe. Exploring Formalisation, Availability and Quality, Publications Office of the European Union, European Commission. Available online: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/BlobServlet?docId=19681&langId=en."},{"key":"ref_116","unstructured":"Cittadinanzattiva (2020). Caregiver: In Attesa di Essere Riconosciuti e Tutelati, Cittadinanzattiva. Available online: https:\/\/www.cittadinanzattiva-er.it\/caregiver-in-attesa-di-una-legge-nazionale-che-riconosca-e-tuteli-i-diritti\/."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu119","article-title":"Care preferences among middle-aged and older adults with chronic disease in Europe: Individual health care needs and National Health Care Infrastructure","volume":"56","author":"Mair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333721420938933","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721420938933","article-title":"The Predicament of Caring: Work Interferences and Health of Family Caregivers of Persons with Multiple Chronic Conditions","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontol. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kroger, T., and Yeandle, S. (2014). Combining Paid Work and Family Care: Policies and Experiences in International Perspective, Policy Press.","DOI":"10.1332\/policypress\/9781447306818.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027518824291","article-title":"Aging Expectations and Attitudes: Associations with Types of Older Adult Contact","volume":"41","author":"Hawkley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"563","article-title":"Caring for our parents in an aging world: Sharing public and private responsibility for the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Wise","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Legisl. Public Policy"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lasch, C. (1979). Haven in a Heartless World: The Family Besieged, Basic Books Inc.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-6988.1979.tb01189.x"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-013-0281-9","article-title":"Multiple standards of aging: Gender-specific age stereotypes in different life domains","volume":"10","author":"Kornadt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/13668800802362334","article-title":"Innovative models of aging in place: Transforming our communities for an aging population","volume":"11","author":"Bookman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Community Work Fam."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865276","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.865276","article-title":"The Willingness of the Elderly to Choose Nursing Care: Evidence from China","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/016402758022003","article-title":"Why older people move","volume":"2","author":"Wiseman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X1200058X","article-title":"Beyond solidarity, reciprocity and altruism: Moral capital as a unifying concept in intergenerational support for older people","volume":"32","author":"Silverstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2190\/1FVT-24T3-Y1V3-57A5","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 preferences for informal, formal, and mixed support for future care needs: A comparison of Germany and the United States","volume":"54","author":"Pinquart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.7","article-title":"Gender differences in caregiving among family\u2014Caregivers of people with mental illnesses","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-006-0017-1","article-title":"Are public care and services for older people targeted according to need? Applying the Behavioural Model on longitudinal data of a Swedish urban older population","volume":"3","author":"Larsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e037570","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037570","article-title":"Place4Carers: A mixed-method study protocol for engaging family caregivers in meaningful actions for successful ageing in place","volume":"10","author":"Graffigna","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_132","unstructured":"Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) (2019). Rapporto Annuale 2019, la Situazione del Paese, ISTAT. Available online: https:\/\/www.istat.it\/storage\/rapporto-annuale\/2019\/capitolo3.pdf."},{"key":"ref_133","unstructured":"Gjergji, I. (2015). Le migrazioni tra Sud e Centro-Nord: Persistenze e novit\u00e0. La Nuova Emigrazione Italiana. Cause, Mete e Figure Sociali, Digital Publishing. Available online: https:\/\/edizionicafoscari.unive.it\/media\/pdf\/books\/978-88-6969-017-4\/978-88-6969-017-4.pdf."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lincoln, Y.S., and Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry, Sage Publications.","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004","article-title":"Generalization in Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Myths and Strategies","volume":"47","author":"Polit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reducing Confusion about Grounded Theory and Qualitative Content Analysis: Similarities and Differences","volume":"19","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Qual. Rep."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027515598349","article-title":"Honor thy parents: An ethnic multigroup analysis of filial responsibility, health perceptions, and caregiving decisions","volume":"38","author":"Santoro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sengers, F., and Peine, A. (2021). Innovation Pathways for Age-Friendly Homes in Europe. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031139"},{"key":"ref_139","unstructured":"Lamura, G., and Ranci, C. (2022, April 15). Per la Non Autosufficienza \u00e8 Tempo di Riforma. Available online: https:\/\/www.lavoce.info\/archives\/94136\/per-la-non-autosufficienza-e-tempo-di-riforma\/."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/12\/7413\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:33:15Z","timestamp":1760139195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/12\/7413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19127413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19127413","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]}}}