{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:20:37Z","timestamp":1787170837020,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This review examined the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggered by physical injury or medical trauma. It discusses implications in support of rehabilitation management for COVID-19 survivors diagnosed with PTSD. Methods: This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Interim Guidance from the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. The authors searched for randomized control trials in PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases up to 31 March 2021. Results: Five studies (n = 459) met the inclusion criteria. Each study measured a different comparison of interventions. The certainty of the evidence was judged to be very low for all outcomes. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom reduction was found to be in favor of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive function improvements were observed in favor of the cognitive processing therapy control intervention. Conclusions: Overall, there is uncertainty about whether behavioral interventions are effective in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving functioning and quality of life when the disorder is triggered by a physical or medical trauma rather than a psychological trauma. Further research should investigate their efficacy in the context of rehabilitation management and gather evidence on this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1655633692000},"page":"7514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Effectiveness of Behavioral Interventions in Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder during Clinical Rehabilitation: A Rapid Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Gimigliano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85051, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Arienti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-6429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Bargeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Castellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3770-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Gianola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano G.","family":"Lazzarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4598-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antimo","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2782-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allen W.","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1878-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Negrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University La Statale, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Evidence-Based Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, September 22). 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