{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:46:16Z","timestamp":1772995576365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Uni Europa\u2013The European Global Services Union","award":["VS\/2019\/0440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VS\/2019\/0440"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The safety assessment of cosmetics considers the exposure of a \u2018common consumer\u2019, not the occupational exposure of hairdressers. This review aims to compile and appraise evidence regarding the skin toxicity of cysteamine hydrochloride (cysteamine HCl; CAS no. 156-57-0), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; CAS no. 9003-39-8), PVP copolymers (CAS no. 28211-18-9), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES; CAS no. 9004-82-4), cocamide diethanolamine (cocamide DEA; CAS no. 68603-42-9), and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; CAS no. 61789-40-0). A total of 298 articles were identified, of which 70 were included. Meta-analysis revealed that hairdressers have a 1.7-fold increased risk of developing a contact allergy to CAPB compared to controls who are not hairdressers. Hairdressers might have a higher risk of acquiring quantum sensitization against cysteamine HCl compared to a consumer because of their job responsibilities. Regarding cocamide DEA, the irritant potential of this surfactant should not be overlooked. Original articles for PVP, PVP copolymers, and SLES are lacking. This systematic review indicates that the current standards do not effectively address the occupational risks associated with hairdressers\u2019 usage of hair cosmetics. The considerable irritant and\/or allergenic potential of substances used in hair cosmetics should prompt a reassessment of current risk assessment practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T21:55:19Z","timestamp":1655848519000},"page":"7588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Skin Toxicity of Selected Hair Cosmetic Ingredients: A Review Focusing on Hairdressers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4090-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara","family":"Symanzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabr\u00fcck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Weinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabr\u00fcck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u017deljka","family":"Babi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hallmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin Stibius","family":"Havmose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne Duus","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Kezic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Macan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Macan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Strahwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajka","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0719-2020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henk F.","family":"van der Molen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swen Malte","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabr\u00fcck University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4498-3710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Uter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04377.x","article-title":"Occupational skin diseases in Northern Bavaria between 1990 and 1999: A population-based study","volume":"145","author":"Dickel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"190","article-title":"Comparison of beautician and hairdressing apprentices with regard to skin health and skin barrier function","volume":"71","author":"Macan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14048","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of hand eczema in hairdressers\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature from 2000\u20132021","volume":"86","author":"Havmose","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-015-0130-z","article-title":"Hand dermatitis: A review of clinical features, prevention and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Antonov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"65","article-title":"Wet work\u2013praca w \u015brodowisku mokrym","volume":"61","author":"Chomiczewska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Pr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12686","article-title":"Occupational dermatitis in hairdressers\u2009-\u2009influence of individual and environmental factors","volume":"76","author":"Agner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12424","article-title":"Patch testing with hair cosmetic series in Europe: A critical review and recommendation","volume":"73","author":"Uter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12333","article-title":"Patch test results of the European baseline series among patients with occupational contact dermatitis across Europe\u2009-\u2009analyses of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy network, 2002\u20132010","volume":"72","author":"Pesonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12869","article-title":"Occupational hand eczema and\/or contact urticaria: Factors associated with change of profession or not remaining in the workforce","volume":"78","author":"Bonde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12038","article-title":"Cost of illness from occupational hand eczema in Germany","volume":"69","author":"Diepgen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12590","article-title":"Systematic review of cost-of-illness studies in hand eczema","volume":"75","author":"Politiek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uter, W., Werfel, T., Lepoittevin, J.P., and White, I.R. (2020). Contact Allergy\u2014Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072404"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2021, June 22). SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), 2018. SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation 10th Revision. October 2018. SCCS\/1602\/18. pp. 24\u201325. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/sites\/health\/files\/scientific_committees\/consumer_safety\/docs\/sccs_o_224.pdf."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2021, June 22). Regulation (EC) No 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on Cosmetic Products (Recast). Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2009\/1223\/2019-08-13."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e050612","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050612","article-title":"Protocol for a systematic review on systemic and skin toxicity of important hazardous hair and nail cosmetic ingredients in hairdressers","volume":"11","author":"Uter","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14055","article-title":"Differences between hairdressers and consumers in skin exposure to hair cosmetic products: A review","volume":"86","author":"Symanzik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14056","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethyl cyanoacrylate contained in cosmetic glues among hairdressers and beauticians who perform nail treatments and eyelash extension as well as hair extension applications: A systematic review","volume":"86","author":"Symanzik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kezic, S., Nunez, R., Babi\u0107, \u017d., Hallmann, S., Havmose, M.S., Johansen, J.D., John, S.M., Macan, M., Symanzik, C., and Uter, W. (2022). Occupational Exposure of Hairdressers to Airborne Hazardous Chemicals: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074176"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macan, J., Babi\u0107, \u017d., Hallmann, S., Havmose, M.S., Johansen, J.D., John, S.M., Macan, M., Symanzik, C., Uter, W., and Weinert, P. (2022). Respiratory toxicity of persulphate salts and their adverse effects on airways in hairdressers: A systematic review. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-022-01852-w"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Uter, W., Johansen, J.D., Havmose, M.S., Kezic, S., van der Molen, H., Macan, J., Babi\u0107, \u017d., Turk, R., Hallmann, S., and Strahwald, J. (2021, June 22). Protocol for a Systematic Review on Skin and Systemic Toxicity of Important Hazardous Substances in Hair Cosmetics and Hand Eczema in Hairdressers. PROSPERO. 2021. CRD42021238118. Available online: https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021238118."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70065-7","article-title":"Systematic reviews: CRD\u2019s guidance for undertaking reviews in health care","volume":"10","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12196","article-title":"Contact allergy to ingredients of hair cosmetics\u2014A comparison of female hairdressers and clients based on IVDK 2007\u20132012 data","volume":"71","author":"Uter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06511.x","article-title":"Contact allergy to hairdressing allergens in female hairdressers and client\u2014Current data from the IVDK, 2003\u20132006","volume":"5","author":"Uter","year":"2007","journal-title":"JDDG J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.0233.x","article-title":"Contact allergy to ingredients of hair cosmetics in female hairdressers and clients\u2014An 8-year analysis of IVDK data","volume":"49","author":"Uter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"335","article-title":"Sensitization to cocamidopropylbetaine: An 8-year review","volume":"40","author":"Armstrong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02078.x","article-title":"Contact allergy to cocamidopropyl betaine","volume":"33","author":"Weyland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Official Journal of the European Union. Pub Lux N\u00b0L 97.5.4.2006: 1\u2013528."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g7647","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and explanation","volume":"349","author":"Shamseer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2003.00078.x","article-title":"The role of 3-dimethylaminopropylamine and amidoamine in contact allergy to cocamidopropylbetaine","volume":"48","author":"Foti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05909.x","article-title":"The allergen cocamidopropyl betaine","volume":"39","author":"Angelini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03562.x","article-title":"Occupational allergic contact dermatitis due to coconut diethanolamide (cocamide DEA)","volume":"29","author":"Pinola","year":"1993","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000124","article-title":"Occupational dermatitis in health care workers evaluated for suspected allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"26","author":"Kadivar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(97)00051-5","article-title":"Cosmetic dermatitis","volume":"15","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.08041","article-title":"Shampoos","volume":"20","author":"Zirwas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01656.x","article-title":"Interlaboratory studies with a proposed patch test design to evaluate the irritation potential of surfactants","volume":"62","author":"Mehling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01862.x","article-title":"Eyelid dermatitis due to cocamidopropyl betaine in a hard contact lens solution","volume":"25","author":"Cameli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000499","article-title":"Scalp Dermatitis in Patients Sensitized to Components of Hair Products","volume":"30","author":"Ojo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01978.x","article-title":"Trend of contact allergy to cosmetic ingredients in Thais over a period of 10 years","volume":"65","author":"Boonchai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2007.2","article-title":"Changing trends and allergens in the patch test standard series: A mayo clinic 5-year retrospective review, january 1, 2001, through december 31, 2005","volume":"144","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000225","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch Test Results 2013\u20132014","volume":"28","author":"DeKoven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000417","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch Test Results: 2015\u20132016","volume":"29","author":"DeKoven","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e318277ca50","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for 2007\u20132008","volume":"24","author":"Fransway","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12359","article-title":"Patch testing in patients with suspected cosmetic dermatitis: A retrospective study","volume":"17","author":"Garg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13598","article-title":"Occupational and non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis to hair dyes in Greece. A 10-year retrospective study","volume":"83","author":"Gregoriou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00630.x","article-title":"Patch test reactions to cosmetic allergens in 1995\u20131997 and 2000\u20132002 in Finland\u2014A multicentre study","volume":"53","author":"Hasan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01000.x","article-title":"Patch test results in patients with scalp dermatitis: Analysis of data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology","volume":"56","author":"Hillen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01844.x","article-title":"Dermatological screening and results of patch testing among Polish apprentice hairdressers","volume":"64","author":"Krecisz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01251.x","article-title":"A study of the sensitization rate to cocamidopropyl betaine in patients patch tested in a university hospital of Beijing","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12016","article-title":"Hairdressers presenting to an occupational dermatology clinic in Melbourne, Australia","volume":"68","author":"Lyons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02022.x","article-title":"The detection of clinically relevant contact allergens with a standard screening tray of 28 allergens","volume":"66","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"176","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001\u20132002 study period","volume":"15","author":"Pratt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12005","article-title":"Results of a cosmetovigilance survey in The Netherlands","volume":"68","author":"Salverda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.489","article-title":"The detection of clinically relevant contact allergens using a standard screening tray of twenty-three allergens","volume":"49","author":"Saripalli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01863.x","article-title":"Is cocamidopropyl betaine a contact allergen? Analysis of network data and short review of the literature","volume":"64","author":"Schnuch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12176","article-title":"Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers: An analysis of patch test data from the Danish contact dermatitis group, 2002\u20132011","volume":"70","author":"Schwensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.02.028","article-title":"Experience in patch testing: A 6-year retrospective review from a single academic allergy practice","volume":"122","author":"Sundquist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02036.x","article-title":"Occupational contact allergy to cocamidopropyl betaine and its impurities","volume":"66","author":"Suuronen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000593","article-title":"Patch Testing Results From the Massachusetts General Hospital Contact Dermatitis Clinic, 2007\u20132016","volume":"31","author":"Tam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12186","article-title":"The first Australian Baseline Series: Recommendations for patch testing in suspected contact dermatitis","volume":"56","author":"Toholka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00880.x","article-title":"Contact allergies to cosmetics: Testing with 52 cosmetic ingredients and personal products","volume":"32","author":"Tomar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00647.x","article-title":"Dermatitis in hairdressers. (I). The experience of the past 4 years","volume":"30","author":"Brunsveld","year":"1994","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000411","article-title":"Trends in Patch Testing With the Mayo Clinic Standard Series, 2011\u20132015","volume":"29","author":"Veverka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2010.10061","article-title":"Patch-testing with hairdressing chemicals","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2007.06060","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2003\u20132004 study period","volume":"19","author":"Warshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e3182819c51","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results: 2009 to 2010","volume":"24","author":"Warshaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.07.056","article-title":"Allergic patch test reactions associated with cosmetics: Retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2001\u20132004","volume":"60","author":"Warshaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000760","article-title":"Contact Dermatitis Associated with Hair Care Products: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001\u20132016","volume":"33","author":"Warshaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12151","article-title":"Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by coconut fatty acids diethanolamide","volume":"70","author":"Pesonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000226","article-title":"Epidemiology and Co-Reactivity of Novel Surfactant Allergens: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"27","author":"Grey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12580","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by cocamide diethanolamine","volume":"75","author":"Mertens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000097","article-title":"North American contact dermatitis group patch test results: 2011\u20132012","volume":"26","author":"Warshaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12783","article-title":"A multi-institutional joint study of contact dermatitis related to hair colouring and perming agents in Japan","volume":"77","author":"Ito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1998.tb01264.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to cocamidopropylbetaine in hair shampoo","volume":"39","author":"Brand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80270-8","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to cocamidopropyl betaine in shampoo","volume":"27","author":"Korting","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05689.x","article-title":"Positive patch test to cocamidopropyl betaine in a hairdresser","volume":"38","author":"Su","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.045002072.x","article-title":"Clinical allergy to cocamidopropyl betaine: Reactivity to cocamidopropylamine and lack of reactivity to 3-dimethylaminopropylamine","volume":"45","author":"McFadden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"146","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis from cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidoamine, 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine, and oleamidopropyl dimethylamine: Co-reactions or cross-reactions?","volume":"15","author":"Moreau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermat. Contact Atopic Occup. Drug"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"223","article-title":"Cocamidopropyl betaine allergy","volume":"12","author":"Mowad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01778.x","article-title":"Eyelid dermatitis due to cocamidopropyl betaine in an eye make-up remover","volume":"25","author":"Ross","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00907.x","article-title":"Shampoo dermatitis due to cocamidopropyl betaine","volume":"26","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12332","article-title":"An outbreak of contact allergy to cocamide diethanolamide?","volume":"72","author":"Badaoui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.0548n.x","article-title":"Eyelid dermatitis with positive patch test to coconut diethanolamide","volume":"52","author":"Dejobert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"40","article-title":"Allergy to cocamide DEA","volume":"9","author":"Fowler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.01019.x","article-title":"Occupational contact allergy to cysteamine hydrochloride in permanent-wave solutions","volume":"56","author":"Isaksson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"157","article-title":"Permanent-wave dermatitis: Contact allergy to cysteamine hydrochloride","volume":"14","author":"Landers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Contact Dermat. Off. J. Am. Contact Dermat. Soc."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13150","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by cysteamine hydrochloride in permanent wave agent\u2014A new allergen for hairdressers in Japan","volume":"80","author":"Nishioka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13878","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis due to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)\/eicosene copolymer","volume":"85","author":"Buonomo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01225.x","article-title":"Contact cheilitis from bisabolol and polyvinylpyrrolidone\/hexadecene copolymer in lipstick","volume":"58","author":"Pastor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00960.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to copolymers in cosmetic\u2014Case report and review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Quartier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05899.x","article-title":"Contact allergy to PVP\/hexadecene copolymer","volume":"39","author":"Scheman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06067.x","article-title":"Contact allergy to PVP\/eicosene copolymer","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13127","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by vinylpyrrolidone\/eicosene copolymer in a sunscreen","volume":"80","author":"Waas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"61","article-title":"Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)\/eicosene copolymer: An emerging cosmetic allergen","volume":"43","author":"Ludmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"1","article-title":"Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium Laureth Sulfate and Ammonium Laureth Sulfate","volume":"2","author":"Elder","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00132-0","article-title":"Subclinical, non-erythematous irritation with an open assay model (washing): Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) versus sodium laureth sulfate (SLES)","volume":"39","author":"Charbonnier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2003.480105.x","article-title":"Profile of irritant patch testing with detergents: Sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate and alkyl polyglucoside","volume":"48","author":"Happle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Symanzik, C., Kezic, S., Jakasa, I., Skudlik, C., John, S.M., Brans, R., and Sonsmann, F.K. (2022). Effects of skin washing frequency on the epidermal barrier function and inflammatory processes of the epidermis: An experimental study. Contact Dermat.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14119"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb05999.x","article-title":"Biophysical characterization of skin damage and recovery after exposure to different surfactants","volume":"40","author":"Lindberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb02464.x","article-title":"Allergy to cocamidopropyl betaine may be due to amidoamine: A patch test and product use test study","volume":"37","author":"Fowler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2004.11744","article-title":"Cocamidopropyl Betaine: Contact Allergen of the Year","volume":"15","author":"Fowler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02372.x","article-title":"Pure cocamidopropylbetaine is not the allergen in patients with positive reactions to commercial cocamidopropylbetaine","volume":"35","author":"Angelini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"European Commission (2022, February 25). Ingredient: COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/tools-databases\/cosing\/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=75231."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102708","article-title":"Exposure of hairdressers to aromatic diamines: An interventional study confirming the protective effect of adequate glove use","volume":"73","author":"Geens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12336","article-title":"Glove use among hairdressers: Difficulties in the correct use of gloves among hairdressers and the effect of education","volume":"72","author":"Oreskov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12296","article-title":"The influence of hydrogen peroxide on the permeability of protective gloves to resorcinol in hairdressing","volume":"72","author":"Lind","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12320","article-title":"Are gloves sufficiently protective when hairdressers are exposed to permanent hair dyes? An in vivo study","volume":"72","author":"Antelmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432","article-title":"European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline for diagnostic patch testing\u2014Recommendations on best practice","volume":"73","author":"Johansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uter, W., Strahwald, J., Hallmann, S., Johansen, J.D., Havmose, M.S., Kezic, S., van der Molen, H., Macan, J., Babi\u0107, \u017d., and Frani\u0107, Z. (Contact Dermat., 2022). Systematic review on skin adverse effects of important hazardous hair cosmetic ingredients with a focus on hairdressers, Contact Dermat., submitted for publication.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14236"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/13\/7588\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:36:42Z","timestamp":1760139402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/13\/7588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19137588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19137588","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]}}}