{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:43:07Z","timestamp":1763480587495,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of Spain (Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n)","award":["PSI2019-111241RA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2019-111241RA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The fertility deficit in many European countries is related to a low rate of second births. Understanding the factors associated with the predisposition of one-child parents to have more children could contribute to the search for solutions to this social problem. Although previous evidence highlights the role of employment and social factors, psychological factors have been poorly investigated. This study examines the relationship between different psychosocial factors (rumination, personality, life satisfaction, perfectionism, social support, parental stress, guilt linked to work\u2013family conflict, age and child temperament) and parents\u2019 predisposition to have more children. The sample consisted of 96 one-child Spanish parents whose child was in early childhood education (59.3% women; Mage = 37.41). The results show that one-child parents with the predisposition to have more children, compared to those without a predisposition to have more children, showed higher levels of life satisfaction, extroversion and adaptive perfectionism but lower levels of rumination and parental stress. The social implications of these findings and how they may affect parenting today are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T21:25:00Z","timestamp":1656019500000},"page":"7685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Is the Predisposition to Have More Children Beneficial among Parents with Only One Child? Evidence from Spanish Parents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3925-2104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educaci\u00f3n, University of C\u00f3rdoba, Avda. San Alberto Magno S\/N, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8904-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educaci\u00f3n, University of C\u00f3rdoba, Avda. San Alberto Magno S\/N, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2001.9681208","article-title":"Parenting: Science and Practice","volume":"1","author":"Bornstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parenting"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.3.487","article-title":"Parenting style as context: An integrative model","volume":"113","author":"Darling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X7800900302","article-title":"Parental Disciplinary Patterns and Social Competence in Children","volume":"9","author":"Baumrind","year":"1978","journal-title":"Youth Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gimenez-Serrano, S., Garcia, F., and Garcia, O.F. (2021). Parenting styles and its relations with personal and social adjustment beyond adolescence: Is the current evidence enough?. Eur. J. Dev. Psychol., 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2021.1952863"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gimenez-Serrano, S., Alcaide, M., Reyes, M., Zacar\u00e9s, J., and Celdr\u00e1n, M. (2022). Beyond Parenting Socialization Years: The Relationship between Parenting Dimensions and Grandparenting Functioning. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084528"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Mussen, P.H., and Hetherington, E.M. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, Personality and social Development, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, F., Garcia, O.F., Fuentes, M.C., Garcia-Ros, R., and Garcia, F. (2020). Self-Concept in China: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Five-Factor Self-Concept (AF5) Questionnaire. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12050798"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeung, J.W.K. (2021). Family Processes, Parenting Practices, and Psychosocial Maturity of Chinese Youths: A Latent Variable Interaction and Mediation Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084357"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuentes, M.C., Garcia, O.F., and Garcia, F. (2020). Protective and Risk Factors for Adolescent Substance Use in Spain: Self-Esteem and Other Indicators of Personal Well-Being and Ill-Being. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12155962"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-017-9506-3","article-title":"Social Anxiety and Psychosocial Adjustment in Adolescents: Relation with Peer Victimization, Self-Esteem and Emotion Regulation","volume":"11","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Ind. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queiroz, P., Garcia, O.F., Garcia, F., Zacares, J.J., and Camino, C. (2020). Self and Nature: Parental Socialization, Self-Esteem, and Environmental Values in Spanish Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103732"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.2307\/1131151","article-title":"Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families","volume":"62","author":"Lamborn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Escudero, J.A., Villarejo, S., Garcia, O.F., and Garcia, F. (2020). Parental Socialization and Its Impact across the Lifespan. Behav. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/bs10060101"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6117","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518818426","article-title":"Raising Spanish Children With an Antisocial Tendency: Do We Know What the Optimal Parenting Style Is?","volume":"36","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, O.F., and Serra, E. (2019). Raising Children with Poor School Performance: Parenting Styles and Short- and Long-Term Consequences for Adolescent and Adult Development. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071089"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.22.6.723","article-title":"Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-021-01937-z","article-title":"Parenting and adolescent adjustment: The mediational role of family self-esteem","volume":"30","author":"Murgui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Child Fam. Stud."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12646","article-title":"Parenthood and Well-Being: A Decade in Review","volume":"82","author":"Nomaguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandoval-Obando, E., Alcaide, M., Salazar-Mu\u00f1oz, M., Pe\u00f1a-Troncoso, S., Hern\u00e1ndez-Mosqueira, C., and Gimenez-Serrano, S. (2022). Raising Children in Risk Neighborhoods from Chile: Examining the Relationship between Parenting Stress and Parental Adjustment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010045"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00152.x","article-title":"Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions","volume":"5","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12095","article-title":"Parenthood and Life Satisfaction: Why Don\u2019t Children Make People Happy?","volume":"76","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.10.047","article-title":"Parenting Perfectionism and Parental Adjustment","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015823","article-title":"The relations between parents\u2019 Big Five personality factors and parenting: A meta-analytic review","volume":"97","author":"Prinzie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1532-7795.00001","article-title":"We Know some things: Parent-adolescent relationship in retrospect and prospect","volume":"11","author":"Steinberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anyes.2019.12.001","article-title":"Estilos parentales y su contribuci\u00f3n al ajuste personal y social de los hijos","volume":"26","author":"Villarejo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ansiedad y Estr\u00e9s"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2008.02150.x","article-title":"Lags and Leads in Life Satisfaction: A Test of the Baseline Hypothesis","volume":"118","author":"Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Econ. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-011-9865-y","article-title":"Parenthood and Happiness: A Review of Folk Theories Versus Empirical Evidence","volume":"108","author":"Hansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"European Commission (2011). Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, European Commission. Eurostat. Demography Report 2010: Older, More Numerous and Diverse Europeans: Commission staff Working Document, Publications Office. Available online: https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2767\/79004."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2021, October 24). Eurostat Archive: Estad\u00edsticas de Poblaci\u00f3n a Nivel Regional. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Archive:Estad%C3%ADsticas_de_poblaci%C3%B3n_a_nivel_regional."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Esping-Andersen, G., Arpino, B., Baiz\u00e1n, P., Bellani, D., Castro-Mart\u00edn, T., Creighton, M.J., Delcl\u00f2s, C.E., Dom\u00ednguez, M., Gonz\u00e1lez, M.J., and Luppi, F. (2013). El D\u00e9ficit de Natalidad en Europa. La Singularidad del Caso Espa\u00f1ol, Obra Social \u201dla Caixa\u201d."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/09589287030133001","article-title":"The World Turned Upside Down: Below Replacement Fertility, Changing Preferences and Family-Friendly Public Policy in 21 OECD Countries","volume":"13","author":"Castles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Eur. Soc. Policy"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1553\/populationyearbook2007s357","article-title":"Childbearing preferences and family issues in Europe: Evidence from the Eurobarometer 2006 survey","volume":"5","author":"Testa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vienna Yearb. Popul. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rindfuss, R.B., Morgan, P.S., and Swicegood, G. (1988). First Births in America. Changes in the Timing of Parenthood, University of California Press.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520332508"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"177","article-title":"Comment: A Gender Perspective for Understanding Low Fertility in Post-Transitional Societies","volume":"27","author":"Presser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Popul. Dev. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Boss, P.G., Doherty, W.G., LaRossa, R., Schumm, W.R., and Steinmetz, S.K. (2009). Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach. Exchange and Resource Theories, Springer."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Mcdonald, P. (2002). Low Fertility: Unifying the Theory and the Demography, Population Association of America."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2010.12.019","article-title":"Suffer the little children: Measuring the effects of parenthood on well-being worldwide","volume":"81","author":"Stanca","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Econ. Behav. Organ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2003.00574.x","article-title":"Parenthood and Marital Satisfaction: A Meta-Analytic Review","volume":"65","author":"Twenge","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2006.00148.x","article-title":"The Influence of Informal Work and Subjective Well-Being on Childbearing in Post-Soviet Russia","volume":"32","year":"2006","journal-title":"Popul. Dev. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2010.22.21","article-title":"Satisfaction with life as an antecedent of fertility: Partner + Happiness = Children?","volume":"22","author":"Parr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Demogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-015-0413-2","article-title":"Parental Well-being Surrounding First Birth as a Determinant of Further Parity Progression","volume":"52","author":"Margolis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/per.822","article-title":"Reproductive Behavior and Personality Traits of the Five Factor Model","volume":"25","author":"Jokela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Personal."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/per.1936","article-title":"Personality Traits Increasingly Important for Male Fertility: Evidence from Norway","volume":"28","author":"Skirbekk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Personal."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-016-9393-1","article-title":"Who Delays Childbearing? The Associations Between Time to First Birth, Personality Traits and Education","volume":"32","author":"Tavares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Popul."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-009-9189-7","article-title":"How are Time-Dependent Childbearing Intentions Realized? Realization, Postponement, Abandonment, Bringing Forward: Les intentions de f\u00e9condit\u00e9 sont-elles r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans le d\u00e9lai pr\u00e9vu? R\u00e9alisation, report, abandon, avancement","volume":"25","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Popul."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/0958928705049160","article-title":"Public policies and low fertility: Rationales for public intervention and a diagnosis for the Spanish case","volume":"15","author":"Bernardi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Eur. Soc. Policy"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2003.0037","article-title":"Is low fertility a twenty-first-century demographic crisis?","volume":"40","author":"Morgan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jcm025","article-title":"When Fertility is Bargained: Second Births in Denmark and Spain","volume":"23","author":"Brodmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006454909642","article-title":"The Impact of Labour-Force Participation on Childbearing Behaviour: Pro-Cyclical Fertility in Sweden during the 1980s and the 1990s","volume":"16","author":"Andersson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Popul. Rev. Eur. D\u00e9mographie"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2001.5.6","article-title":"The High Fertility of College Educated Women in Norway: An Artefact of the Separate Modelling of Each Parity Transition","volume":"5","author":"Kravdal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Demogr Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025089031871","article-title":"Gendering Fertility: Second Births in Sweden and Hungary","volume":"22","year":"2003","journal-title":"Popul. Res. Policy Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539520930129","article-title":"Trends in Female Workers\u2019 Childbearing Intentions in South Korea","volume":"32","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2009.21.27","article-title":"Regional child care availability and fertility decisions in Spain","volume":"21","year":"2009","journal-title":"Demogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/00324728.2011.579148","article-title":"The effects of social capital and social pressure on the intention to have a second or third child in France, Germany, and Bulgaria, 2004\u20132005","volume":"65","author":"Balbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Popul. Stud."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2009.21.26","article-title":"Couples\u2019 decisions to have a first child: Comparing pathways to early and late parenthood","volume":"21","author":"Rijken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Demogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew124","article-title":"Examining the psychosocial determinants of women\u2019s decisions to delay childbearing","volume":"31","author":"Kearney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s42506-020-0035-4","article-title":"Factors related to childbearing intentions among women: A cross-sectional study in health centers, Saveh, Iran","volume":"95","author":"Araban","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Public. Health Assoc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1553\/populationyearbook2003s165","article-title":"The Influence of the Distribution of Household and Childrearing Tasks Between Men and Women on Childbearing Intentions in Austria","volume":"1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vienna Yearb. Popul. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2019.1694831","article-title":"Coparenting, Parenting Stress, and Authoritative Parenting among Hong Kong Chinese Mothers and Fathers","volume":"20","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parenting"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/15295190802522814","article-title":"Biological Fathers\u2019 Contributions to Maternal and Family Functioning","volume":"8","author":"Coley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parenting"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2008.18.1","article-title":"Gender equity and fertility intentions in Italy and the Netherlands","volume":"18","author":"Mills","year":"2008","journal-title":"Demogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/03906701.2012.657527","article-title":"Child-care burden and intentions to have a second child: Effects of perceived justice in the division of child-care","volume":"22","author":"Andrade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2018.39.28","article-title":"Economic uncertainty and first-birth intentions in Europe","volume":"39","year":"2018","journal-title":"Demogr Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2013.28.1","article-title":"The effect of education on second births in Hungary: A test of the time-squeeze, self-selection and partner-effect hypotheses","volume":"28","author":"Bartus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Demogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2004.00005.x","article-title":"Second Births and the Second Shift: A Research Note on Gender Equity and Fertility","volume":"30","author":"Torr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Popul. Dev. Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1553\/populationyearbook2010s107","article-title":"Second birth rates across Europe: Interactions between women\u2019s level of education and child care enrolment","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vienna Yearb. Popul. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2104_12","article-title":"The determinants of parenting behavior","volume":"21","author":"Abidin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Psychol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deater-Deckard, K. (2004). Parenting Stress, Yale University Press. IX.","DOI":"10.12987\/yale\/9780300103939.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.2307\/1130770","article-title":"Minor Parenting Stresses with Young Children","volume":"61","author":"Crnic","year":"1990","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crnic, K., and Ross, E. (2017). Parenting stress and parental efficacy. Parental Stress and Early Child Development: Adaptive and Maladaptive Outcomes, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55376-4_11"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"687","article-title":"A Spanish adaptation of the Parental Stress Scale","volume":"19","author":"Oronoz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2019.1701933","article-title":"Pathways to Maternal and Child Well-Being: Stability and Transaction across Toddlerhood","volume":"21","author":"Winstone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parent Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03031938","article-title":"How parenthood experiences influence desire for more CHILdren in Australia: A qualitative study","volume":"25","author":"Newman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Popul. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-009-9187-9","article-title":"Attitudes, Norms and Perceived Behavioural Control: Explaining Fertility Intentions in Bulgaria","volume":"25","author":"Billari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Popul."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/1081602X.2018.1470547","article-title":"\u2018Two children to make ends meet\u2019: The ideal family size, parental responsibilities and costs of children on two sides of the Iron Curtain during the post-war fertility decline","volume":"23","author":"Hilevych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hist. Fam."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.5.1363","article-title":"Psychological distress and the frequency of perfectionistic thinking","volume":"75","author":"Flett","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr1004_2","article-title":"Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges","volume":"10","author":"Stoeber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2013.838172","article-title":"The short form of the revised almost perfect scale","volume":"96","author":"Rice","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Ortiz, O., and Rold\u00e1n-Barrios, A. (2021). Work\u2013Family Guilt in Spanish Parents: Analysis of the Measurement, Antecedents and Outcomes from a Gender Perspective. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18158229"},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Martin, L., and Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. Ruminative Thoughts, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination Reconsidered: A Psychometric Analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/02732170902904632","article-title":"Parents\u2019 Perceptions of Their Adolescent Children, Parental Resources, and Parents\u2019 Satisfaction with the Parent-Child Relationship","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.76.4.564","article-title":"Maternal self-efficacy and associated parenting cognitions among mothers of children with autism","volume":"76","author":"Kuhn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flynn, M.M., Rosen, P.J., Reese, J.S., Slaughter, K.E., Alacha, H.F., and Olczyk, A.R. (2021). Examining the influence of irritability and ADHD on domains of parenting stress. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01868-6"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200605000-00006","article-title":"Reducing Parenting Stress in Families With Irritable Infants","volume":"55","author":"Keefe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The Satisfaction With Life Scale","volume":"49","author":"Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500006859","article-title":"The price of gaining: Maximization in decision-making, regret and life satisfaction","volume":"9","author":"Ponce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Judgm. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115","article-title":"A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake","volume":"61","author":"Morrow","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"111","article-title":"Adaptaci\u00f3n al castellano de un instrumento para evaluar el estilo rumiativo","volume":"13","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Psicopatolog\u00eda Psicol. Cl\u00ednica"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5503&4_17","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support","volume":"55","author":"Zimet","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"173","article-title":"Adaptaci\u00f3n y validaci\u00f3n de la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido","volume":"8","author":"Landeta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ansiedad y Estr\u00e9s"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Ortiz, O., Rubio-Hornos, A., Rold\u00e1n-Barrios, A., Ridao, P., and L\u00f3pez-Verdugo, I. (2022). Parental stress and life satisfaction. A comparative study of social services users and non-users from a gender perspective. J. Community Psychol.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22907"},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Buss, A.H., and Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early Developing Personality Traits, Earlbaum."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"160","article-title":"Adaptaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola del EAS Temperament Survey para la evaluaci\u00f3n del temperamento infantil","volume":"23","author":"Jover","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.18.2.192","article-title":"The mini-IPIP scales: Tiny-yet-effective measures of the Big Five factors of personality","volume":"18","author":"Donnellan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5542","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5542","article-title":"Balanced and positively worded personality short-forms: Mini-IPIP validity and cross-cultural invariance","volume":"6","author":"Arias","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087263","article-title":"An examination of gender differences in work-family conflict","volume":"37","author":"McElwain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. J. Behav. Sci. Rev. Can. Sci. Comport."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"847","article-title":"A guide for naming research studies in Psychology","volume":"7","author":"Montero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer, D.W., and Lemeshow, S. (2004). Applied Logistic Regression, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470011815.b2a10030"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2008.00900.x","article-title":"What\u2019s the Risk? A Simple Approach for Estimating Adjusted Risk Measures from Nonlinear Models Including Logistic Regression","volume":"44","author":"Kleinman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes","volume":"100","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.504","article-title":"The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety\/depressive symptoms","volume":"109","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/13\/7685\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:38:31Z","timestamp":1760139511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/13\/7685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19137685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19137685","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]}}}