{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T14:27:52Z","timestamp":1778077672536,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UNAM","award":["#IA208220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#IA208220"]}]},{"name":"UNAM","award":["#IA203622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#IA203622"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Probiotics can be considered a non-invasive periodontal monotherapy for the modulation of microbiota when periodontal treatment is not accessible. The aim was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis as monotherapy to modulate periodontal parameters and subgingival biofilm dysbiosis. (2) Methods: A 30-year-old patient with periodontitis was followed longitudinally after one month of daily consumption of L. reuteri Prodentis (T0). Periodontal measurements and microbial identification by Checkerboard DNA\u2013DNA hybridization of 40 bacteria were compared between baseline (T0) and 30 days (T1) or 90 days (T2), using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis (KW) and Mann\u2013Whitney U (MW) tests. (3) Results: Low values of pocket depth, attachment level, dental plaque, gingival erythema (GE), and suppuration were observed at T0 vs. T1, with the clinical improvement of GE (p &lt; 0.05, MW) and the recovery of tooth 46 fistulation. T1 vs. T0 comparisons showed lower levels (Lev) or proportions (Prop) of Parvimonas micra (Lev: p &lt; 0.05, MW; Prop: p &lt; 0.01, MW) and Streptococcus gordonii (Prop: p &lt; 0.05, MW), and a predominance (Lev\/Prop) of Actinomyces odontolyticus and Streptococcus mitis; lower levels and proportions of P. micra, Eubacterium saburreum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia were observed in tooth 46 (T1\/T2 vs. T0). (4) Conclusions: Under monotherapy with L. reuteri Prodentis, periodontal measurements of the patient were maintained, with selective changes in the subgingival microbiota that were proportional to the time of probiotic administration, with any additional periodontal treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T09:00:13Z","timestamp":1656234013000},"page":"7835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Probiotic Monotherapy with Lactobacillus reuteri (Prodentis) as a Coadjutant to Reduce Subgingival Dysbiosis in a Patient with Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9357-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Salinas-Azuceno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1589-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miryam","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8667-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9-Isaac","family":"Maldonado-Noriega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios Superiores de Ortodoncia (CESO), Nicol\u00e1s San Juan 1628, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9473-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana-Patricia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurie-Ann","family":"Ximenez-Fyvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12732","article-title":"Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: A call for global action","volume":"44","author":"Tonetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.10.011","article-title":"A clinician\u2019s primer on the role of the microbiome in human health and disease","volume":"89","author":"Khanna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03804-8","article-title":"Dysbiosis in chronic periodontitis: Key microbial players and interactions with the human host","volume":"7","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"89","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x","article-title":"Periodontal microbial ecology","volume":"38","author":"Socransky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12344","article-title":"Clinical and public health implications of periodontal and systemic diseases: An overview","volume":"83","author":"Genco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1842","article-title":"Periodontal inflammation and systemic diseases: An overview","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral diseases: A global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.00073.x","article-title":"An overview of nonsurgical and surgical therapy","volume":"36","author":"Claffey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, P., Ye, Z., Kakade, A., Virk, A.K., Li, X., and Liu, P. (2018). A review on gut remediation of selected environmental contaminants: Possible roles of probiotics and gut microbiota. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010022"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12324","article-title":"Probiotics, including nisin-based probiotics, improve clinical and microbial outcomes relevant to oral and systemic diseases","volume":"82","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12393","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12393","article-title":"Effect of local probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri) vs systemic antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis","volume":"10","author":"Ikram","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12387","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of probiotic lozenges in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A 1-year follow-up study","volume":"42","author":"Tekce","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.734404","article-title":"Clinical changes in periodontal subjects with the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis: A preliminary randomized clinical trial","volume":"71","author":"Vicario","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.18231\/j.jdp.2021.024","article-title":"Efficacy of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on chronic generalised periodontitis: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials in humans","volume":"3","author":"Ahuja","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Panacea"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2012.01914.x","article-title":"Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus reuteri-containing tablets on the subgingival and salivary microbiota in patients with gingivitis. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Iniesta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"197","article-title":"Influence of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri on the oral flora of healthy subjects","volume":"34","author":"Sinkiewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Swed. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.734406","article-title":"Effect of probiotic lozenges on inflammatory reactions and oral biofilm during experimental gingivitis","volume":"71","author":"Lindgren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hern\u00e1ndez, A.-P., M\u00e1rquez-Corona, M.d.L., Pontigo-Loyola, A.P., Medina-Sol\u00eds, C.E., and Ximenez-Fyvie, L.-A. (2019). Subgingival microbiota of Mexicans with type 2 diabetes with different periodontal and metabolic conditions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173184"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2003.10719276","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on ulcerative colitis","volume":"22","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"655","article-title":"Probiotic beverage containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"17","author":"Koebnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00402.x","article-title":"Characterization of oral lactobacilli as potential probiotics for oral health","volume":"23","author":"Koll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01392.x","article-title":"Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets on periodontopathic bacteria: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Mayanagi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12941","article-title":"Acute periodontal lesions (periodontal abscesses and necrotizing periodontal diseases) and endo-periodontal lesions","volume":"45","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12155","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of Lactobacillus reuteri probiotics in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"40","author":"Teughels","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5344","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v2i0.5344","article-title":"Effect of the probiotic Lactobacilli reuteri (Prodentis) in the management of periodontal disease: A preliminary randomized clinical trial","volume":"2","author":"Vivekananda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302x.2004.00168.x","article-title":"Use of checkerboard DNA\u2013DNA hybridization to study complex microbial ecosystems","volume":"19","author":"Socransky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"22","article-title":"The microbiome of peri-implantitis: Is it unique","volume":"38","author":"Teles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martellacci, L., Quaranta, G., Patini, R., Isola, G., Gallenzi, P., and Masucci, L. (2019). A literature review of metagenomics and culturomics of the peri-implant microbiome: Current evidence and future perspectives. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12183010"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12984","article-title":"Functional oral health-related quality of life impact: A systematic review in populations with tooth loss","volume":"48","author":"Schierz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28491-x","article-title":"The short-term impact of probiotic consumption on the oral cavity microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Dassi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13435","article-title":"Association between periodontitis and severity of COVID-19 infection: A case\u2013control study","volume":"48","author":"Marouf","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/13\/7835\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:38:38Z","timestamp":1760139518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/13\/7835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19137835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19137835","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]}}}