{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T03:51:13Z","timestamp":1788753073293,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior-Brazil (CAPES)","award":["23038.010138\/2021-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23038.010138\/2021-28"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior-Brazil (CAPES)","award":["88887.357857\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.357857\/2019-00"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior-Brazil (CAPES)","award":["310712\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310712\/2019-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico and Tecnol\u00f3gico-Brazil (CNPq)","award":["23038.010138\/2021-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23038.010138\/2021-28"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico and Tecnol\u00f3gico-Brazil (CNPq)","award":["88887.357857\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.357857\/2019-00"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico and Tecnol\u00f3gico-Brazil (CNPq)","award":["310712\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310712\/2019-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mothers, fathers, or guardians of children and adolescents who do not identify with the gender they were assigned at birth face barriers in their social network to recognize their children\u2019s gender identity. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the dynamics of primary social networks to support mothers, fathers, or guardians of transgender children and adolescents. This is a systematic review of qualitative studies guided by the PRISMA guidelines. Controlled and free vocabulary were used to survey the studies in the EMBASE, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and Web of Science databases. A total of 21 studies composed the final sample. Primary social networks were described as fragile and conflicting family\/blood relationship ties with disapproval, isolation, rejection, a lack of understanding, and feelings of exclusion were expressed. Some have lost friends, reported tension in marriage and with relatives, and were commonly treated with hostility and harassment. Social transition does take place in the mutual context of struggle and resistance which demands a support network for parents or guardians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T23:59:22Z","timestamp":1656460762000},"page":"7941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dynamics of Primary Social Networks to Support Mothers, Fathers, or Guardians of Transgender Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8756-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Daniella de","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5843-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubia Laine de Paula","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel Lucas da Silva","family":"Maza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Gaspar Botelho Funari de","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordana de Almeida","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nursing Department, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Aparecida","family":"Monroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jesus, J.G. 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