{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:18:36Z","timestamp":1788013116516,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute respiratory illness caused by exposure to welding-associated zinc oxide fumes is known as metal fume fever (MFF). MFF is generally characterized as a self-limiting disease. Few studies have reported chemical pneumonitis associated with zinc fume inhalation. We report a case study involving severe episodes of MFF accompanied by chemical pneumonitis due to the inhalation of zinc oxide fumes while operating an arc welder. A 54-year-old man developed flu-like symptoms after arc welding galvanized steel in a poorly ventilated area. Despite intravenous antibiotics therapy, his clinical course worsened, and his urine zinc concentration was remarkably elevated (3579 \u03bcg\/24 h; reference range, 0\u2013616 \u03bcg\/24 h). A chest computed tomography revealed extensive consolidation, ground-glass opacity in the lungs, and right pleural effusion. After corticosteroid treatment, the patient\u2019s symptoms and radiologic findings significantly improved. It should be noted that the inhalation of zinc oxide fumes can occasionally induce acute lung injury via inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T03:26:37Z","timestamp":1656473197000},"page":"7954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chemical Pneumonitis Caused by the Inhalation of Zinc Oxide Fumes in an Arc Welder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Eun-Woo","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doosoo","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0657-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongmug","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Preventive and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-4245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Preventive and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se-Yeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Preventive and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"American Welding Society (1979). 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