{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:28:57Z","timestamp":1789540137124,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Lodz","award":["B2211802000104.07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2211802000104.07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationships of Young\u2019s early maladaptive schemas with indicators of specific neural emotional systems conceptualized in Panksepp\u2019s theory in a group of people suffering from depressive disorders. Materials and methods: The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) v. 2.4. and J. Young\u2019s Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3-PL) were used. Ninety (90) individuals aged 18\u201358, including 45 people treated for depression (DD group), were qualified to participate in the experiment. Results: The subjects in the DD group scored statistically significantly lower than the subjects from the control group (CG group) on the three ANPS scale domains, namely SEEKING, PLAY, and ANGER. The subjects with depressive symptoms scored significantly higher in the YSQ-S3-PL questionnaire on two domains of early maladaptive schemas, i.e., \u201cImpaired autonomy and performance\u201d and \u201cOther-directedness\u201d. Regression analysis results indicate that impairment of the emotional SEEKING system explains most of the variability in the following typical domains of depression: \u201cDisconnection and rejection\u201d, \u201cImpaired autonomy and performance\u201d, and \u201cOther-directedness\u201d. For score variability in the domain area of \u201cImpaired limits\u201d, the ANGER system was found to be most significant, and the FEAR system proved the same for \u201cOvervigilance and Inhibition\u201d. Conclusions: 1. Two domains of early maladaptive schemas are significant for the onset of depressive symptoms, namely \u201cImpaired autonomy and performance\u201d and \u201cOther-directedness\u201d, linked to difficulties in engaging in behaviors to meet one\u2019s own needs. 2. Impairment of the neural emotional SEEKING system most significantly explains the variability in depression-typical areas of early maladaptive schemas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19138062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T20:53:02Z","timestamp":1656622382000},"page":"8062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Depressive Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3451-1250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Talarowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, Smugowa 10\/12, 90-433 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3631-2295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Wysiadecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, Smugowa 10\/12, 90-433 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Chodkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, Smugowa 10\/12, 90-433 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2011.614274","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence base for schema therapy","volume":"41","author":"Masley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn. 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