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ES010126"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","award":["N01-ES-75538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-ES-75538"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","award":["1 UO1 NS 047537-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 UO1 NS 047537-01"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","award":["2 UO1 NS 047537-06A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2 UO1 NS 047537-06A1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) exposure has been associated with child attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in agricultural communities and those that are exposed to residentially applied insecticides. To examine this association in populations that are exposed primarily through diet, we estimate the associations between prenatal OPP exposure and preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and describe modification by paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene variants. We used participants from the MoBa Preschool ADHD Sub-study (n = 259 cases) and a random sample of MoBa sub-cohort participants (n = 547) with birth years from 2004 to 2008. Prenatal urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites (total diethylphosphate [\u2211DEP] and total dimethylphosphate [\u2211DMP]) were measured by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight system and summed by molar concentration. Maternal DNA was genotyped for coding variants of PON1 (Q192R and L55M). We used a multivariable logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for maternal education, parity, income dependency, age, marital status, ADHD-like symptoms, pesticide use, produce consumption, and season. We found no associations between DAP metabolite concentrations and preschool ADHD. The adjusted ORs for exposure quartiles 2\u20134 relative to 1 were slightly inverse. No monotonic trends were observed, and the estimates lacked precision, likely due to the small sample size and variation in the population. We found no evidence of modification by PON1 SNP variation or child sex. Maternal urinary DAP concentrations were not associated with preschool ADHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19138148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T22:50:46Z","timestamp":1656888646000},"page":"8148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides and Preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5795-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherrel K.","family":"Manley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gro D.","family":"Villanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrine","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Cequier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrit K.","family":"Sakhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Reichborn-Kjennerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy H.","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Science and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8150-9030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin R.","family":"\u00d8vergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pal","family":"Zeiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Roell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9268-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Kamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Thistle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Aase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Roberts, J.R., and Routt Reigart, J. 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