{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T04:09:37Z","timestamp":1762056577318,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Funding for Longevity Sciences","award":["28-13","21-3-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28-13","21-3-07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005957","name":"8020 Promotion Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["28-13","21-3-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28-13","21-3-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral care involving the removal of dry sputum is effective for older patients who require nursing care or hospitalization. However, safe and efficient oral care methods for such patients remain unclear. We aimed to simulate the oral cavity of older adults with dry mouth and elucidate the differences between two moisturization agents, water and gel-like oral moisturizer, and investigate the effect of occupation and experience on the amount of use and the ease of oral care. Using an oral care simulator (MANABOT\u00ae, Nissin Dental Products Inc., Kyoto, Japan), 42 students and 48 dental professionals (13 dentists and 35 dental hygienists) performed oral care using moisturization agents to facilitate dry sputum removal. The time required for oral care, amount of water or gel used, amount of pharyngeal inflow, and ease of oral care when using water or gel were compared. The simulations revealed that the amount of use and pharyngeal inflow for gel (2.9 \u00b1 1.6 and 0.3 \u00b1 0.3, respectively) were significantly lower than those for water (6.8 \u00b1 4.1 and 1.2 \u00b1 1.5, respectively) in all participants. Using a gel-like moisturizer might reduce the aspiration risk in older patients requiring nursing care or hospitalization, regardless of occupation and experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19138158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T22:50:46Z","timestamp":1656888646000},"page":"8158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of the Amount of Used and the Ease of Oral Care between Liquid and Gel-Type Oral Moisturizers Used with an Oral Care Simulators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8018-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junichi","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"},{"name":"Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Hygiene, University of Shizuoka, Junior College, 2-2-1 Oshika, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiyo","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2478-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maki","family":"Shirobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4469-2366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Tohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Minakuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12347","article-title":"Oral hypofunction in the older population: Position paper of the Japanese Society of Gerodontology in 2016","volume":"35","author":"Minakuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Roca, J.A., Fuentes, D.M., G\u00f3mez Garc\u00eda, F.J., and Mart\u00ednez-Beneyto, Y. 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