{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:39:13Z","timestamp":1773693553749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eruption is a complex and dynamic process determined by both genetic and epigenetic factors. This process involves a number of changes in the tissues surrounding the tooth and in tooth morphology. The aim of this study was to analyze the eruption sequence of permanent canines and premolars on the basis of pantomographic images. The study material consisted of 300 digital pantomographic images of children in the developmental period. The study group consisted of 165 boys and 135 girls. Images of patients of Polish nationality, aged 6\u201310 years, without diagnosed systemic diseases and local disorders were used in the study. Results: The study has shown that the most common pattern of tooth eruption in the lateral zones is type A positioning of the lateral teeth, which is 4-5-3. This pattern is characteristic of both girls and boys. This pattern also occurs most frequently in the maxilla in both boys and girls. In the mandible, on the contrary, two patterns of lateral tooth eruption were predominant. In girls, types A and E\/4-5-3 and 3-4-5\/occurred in the mandible, while in boys, types A and C\/4-5-3 and 5-4-3\/were observed in the mandible. The process of tooth eruption is a recognized measure of a child\u2019s physical development, and pantomographic images are an effective and common diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T21:57:53Z","timestamp":1657576673000},"page":"8464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Eruption Pattern of Permanent Canines and Premolars in Polish Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Cie\u015bli\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Colegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zaborowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Colegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Buchwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Biedziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Colegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijd.2013.11.006","article-title":"Physiology of tootheruption","volume":"5","author":"Pandey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. 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