{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T04:48:20Z","timestamp":1771822100896,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qpharma Sp. Z o.o."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of pain in the musculoskeletal system leading to disability. The basic principle of the therapy is the simultaneous use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of galvanic and iontophoresis treatments with Perskindol Active Classic Gel (Perskindol) in patients with OA of the knee joints. Moreover, a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the application was performed depending on the selection of the active electrode. Material and Methods: The study included 100 patients with gonarthrosis, treated at the Rehabilitation Clinic of the Bia\u0142ystok University Hospital. Three groups were randomly selected: in group I (n = 33), anodic galvanic treatment was applied, group II (n = 33) received iontophoresis with Perskindol gel from the negative pole (\u201c\u2212\u201d iontophoresis), and group III (n = 34) received iontophoresis with Perskindol gel from the positive pole (\u201c+\u201d iontophoresis). The VAS, the Laitinen questionnaire, the Lequesne Index, the Lysholm questionnaire, and the SF-36v2 health survey were used for the clinical evaluation of the patients. Results: In the group of patients who underwent iontophoresis with the use of Perskindol gel introduced from the positive pole, a statistically significant improvement was shown in all the assessed parameters in comparison to the patients who underwent anodic galvanic treatment. Conclusions: The most favorable effect of iontophoresis was observed in the case of iontophoresis with Perskindol gel introduced from the positive pole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T03:50:36Z","timestamp":1657597836000},"page":"8489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Iontophoresis with Perskindol Gel in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dakowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 24 A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zofia","family":"Dzi\u0119cio\u0142-Anikiej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 24 A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0351-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Hryniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 24 A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Judycka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 24 A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Cio\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 24 A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Moskal-Jasi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical of Phonoaudiology and Speech Therapy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5287-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kuryliszyn-Moskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 24 A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Correlation of quantified MRI, physical exam and knee radiography in patients with osteoarthritis","volume":"9","author":"Yegane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tehran Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.01.024","article-title":"Ottawa panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for aerobic walking programs in the management of osteoarthrosis","volume":"93","author":"Loew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"603","article-title":"Treatment of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"98","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Fam. 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