{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:40:05Z","timestamp":1788907205798,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida is a commensal yeast. It can be infective when the host\u2019s defense mechanism is weakened, as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical mycological manifestation of candidiasis in 150 cancer cases comprised of preoperative and post-operative (with or without radiotherapy) upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma. A total of 150 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract (UADT) were divided into preoperative (n = 48), post-operative without radiotherapy (n = 29) and post-operative with radiotherapy (n = 73). Samples were collected using cotton swabs and cultured. Candida species were identified according to color pigmentation on Candida Differential Agar (CDA) plate. The clinico-mycological association of patients was evaluated by the chi-square test, and 98 out of 150 patients showed the presence of various Candida species. The major species isolated was Candida albicans (53%), followed by Candida tropicalis (16%). There was a significant statistical difference between patients who showed mycological associations and patients who did not have any such association (p = 0.0008). The prevalence of oral candidiasis was found to be 65.33% among total cases of upper aero-digestive squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic erythematous cases of candidiasis were mainly seen in preoperative squamous cell carcinoma cases, whereas the acute erythematous type of candidiasis was mainly seen in post-operative cases who received radiotherapy. The clinicomycological assessment can help to correlate the signs and symptoms with the presence of candidiasis in upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma patients. Meticulous testing and examination can help in the early detection of candidiasis. Future studies are needed to develop advance scientific preventive strategies for high-risk cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T20:52:41Z","timestamp":1657659161000},"page":"8510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of Candidiasis in Upper-Aerodigestive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients\u2014A Clinico-Mycological Aspect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyanka","family":"Debta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7933-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh Kumar","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh Chandra","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulwahab A.","family":"Abuderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Price Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6688-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid J.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamsa Jameel","family":"Banjer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahtesham Ahmad","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5775-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Mousa H.","family":"Bakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gargi S.","family":"Sarode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangram","family":"Patro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751007, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saswati","family":"Siddhartha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751007, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shankargouda","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15032","article-title":"A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: Opportunistic infections and microsporidioses","volume":"131","author":"Gnat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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