{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T06:25:09Z","timestamp":1778999109527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41877190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020ZDLSF06-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLSF06-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZDLSF05-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDLSF05-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["41877190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877190"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2020ZDLSF06-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLSF06-04"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2021ZDLSF05-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDLSF05-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The hazards of antibiotics as emerging contaminants to aquatic ecosystems and human health have received global attention. This study investigates the presence, concentration levels, spatial and temporal distribution patterns, and their potential risks to aquatic organisms and human health of sulfonamides (SAs) in the Shaanxi section of the Weihe River. The SA pollution in the Weihe River was relatively less than that in other rivers in China and abroad. The spatial and temporal distribution showed that the total concentrations of SAs in the Weihe River were highest in the main stream (ND\u201335.296 ng\/L), followed by the south tributary (3.718\u201334.354 ng\/L) and north tributary (5.476\u20139.302 ng\/L) during the wet water period. Similarly, the order of concentration from highest to lowest during the flat water period was main stream (ND\u20133 ng\/L), north tributary (ND\u20132.095 ng\/L), and south tributary (ND\u20131.3 ng\/L). In addition, the ecological risk assessment showed that the SAs other than sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) posed no significant risk (RQS &lt; 0.01) to the corresponding sensitive species during both periods, with no significant risk to human health for different age groups, as suggested by the health risk assessment. The risk of the six SAs to both aquatic organisms and human health decreased significantly from 2016 to 2021.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"8607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risks of Sulfonamides in the Shaanxi Section of the Weihe River"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water and Environment, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water and Environment, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water and Environment, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water and Environment, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water and Environment, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"},{"name":"Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"},{"name":"Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.406","article-title":"Antibiotic pollution in surface fresh waters: Occurrence and effects","volume":"664","author":"Danner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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