{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:31:12Z","timestamp":1790872272536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Endemic Disease Control, Institute of Shaanxi Province","award":["20160161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20160161"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anemia among under-five children is the major health problem in Nepal. The lack of nutritional supplementation and lack of healthcare facilities are influential factors of anemia. Thus, the main objective of this study is to explore spatial variations and determinants of anemia among under-five children in Nepal. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data from 2006 to 2016 were used in this study, which includes: household and individual-level data of 8555 under-five children, whose anemia was measured. In addition, a total of 260 (2006), 281 (2011), and 383 DHS clusters (2016) were taken in consideration for spatial analysis. The overall prevalence of anemia was 48.9%, 46.4%, and 52.2% in 2006, 2011, and 2016 respectively. The spatial analysis revealed a nonrandom spatial distribution, where statistically significant hotspots and coldspots were detected in different parts of the country. The results also identified mother\u2019s age, mother\u2019s educational level, socioeconomic status of household, number of under-5 children, household size, birth weight, underweight, stunting, diarrhea, and fever as associated factors of anemia among under-5 children. These findings may provide assistance to concerned health officials in adopting anemia-related programs and policies to address the anemia problems that plague Nepalese children under the age of five.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T22:57:06Z","timestamp":1658098626000},"page":"8664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Spatial Variations and Determinants of Anemia among Under-five Children in Nepal, DHS (2006\u20132016)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4733-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shristi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3824-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bipin Kumar","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"},{"name":"Nepal Geographical Society, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"},{"name":"Center for Geospatial Research and Development, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0223-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2014.04.007","article-title":"Anemia","volume":"32","author":"Vieth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. 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