{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:51:21Z","timestamp":1784249481732,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrasound-guided interfascial plane blocks performed on the anterior and lateral thoracic wall have become an important adjuvant method to general anesthesia and an independent method of local anesthesia and pain management. These procedures diminish the harmful effects of anesthesia on respiratory function and reduce the risk of phrenic nerve paralysis or iatrogenic pneumothorax. In postoperative pain management, interfascial plane blocks decrease the dosage of intravenous drugs, including opioids. They can also eliminate the complications associated with general anesthesia when used as the sole method of anesthesia for surgical procedures. The following procedures are classified as interfascial plane blocks of the anterior and lateral thoracic wall: pectoral nerve plane block (PECS), serratus anterior plane block (SAP), transversus thoracic muscle plane block (TTP), pectoral interfascial plane block (PIF), and intercostal nerve block (ICNB). These blocks are widely used in emergency medicine, oncologic surgery, general surgery, thoracic surgery, cardiac surgery, orthopedics, cardiology, nephrology, oncology, palliative medicine, and pain medicine. Regional blocks are effective for analgesic treatment, both as an anesthesia procedure for surgery on the anterior and lateral thoracic wall and as an analgesic therapy after trauma or other conditions that induce pain in this area. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, ultrasound-guided interfascial plane blocks are safe alternatives for anesthesia in patients with symptoms of respiratory distress related to SARS-CoV-2 and appear to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection among medical personnel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T22:57:06Z","timestamp":1658098626000},"page":"8696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Use of Ultrasound-Guided Interfascial Plane Blocks in Anterior and Lateral Thoracic Wall Region as Safe Method for Patient Anesthesia and Analgesia: Review of Techniques and Approaches during COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Szamborski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 4th Military Clinical Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Janc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 4th Military Clinical Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Rosi\u0144czuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u0119drzej Jerzy","family":"Janc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Le\u015bnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 4th Military Clinical Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"\u0141ysenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-529 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15105","article-title":"Neuraxial Anaesthesia and Peripheral Nerve Blocks during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review and Practice Recommendations","volume":"75","author":"Uppal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101477","article-title":"Regional Anesthesia in Patients with Suspected COVID-19 Infection","volume":"46","author":"Altiparmak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg. 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