{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:20:08Z","timestamp":1792790408155,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education","award":["61.610.006-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61.610.006-110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease in which the disturbed dependencies between lymphocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and neutrophils play the most important role. One of them is the overproduction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The release of NETs can be induced by pathogens, as well as antibodies and immune complexes, cytokines and chemokines, including TNF\u03b1. The first step of the NET creation is the activation of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD-4). PAD-4 seems to be responsible for citrullination of histones and chromatin decondensation, but the data on PAD-4 in NETs is inconclusive. Thus, the current study aimed to determine PAD-4 and TNF\u03b1 levels in the serum of psoriatic patients by ELISA and observe the response of these factors to systemic (anti-17a, anti-TNF\u03b1 and methotrexate) therapies. Increased levels of both PAD-4 and its main stimulus factor TNF\u03b1 in pre-treatment patients have been reported along with the concentrations of proteins correlated with disease severity (PASI, BSA). Before treatment, the irregularities in the case of anti-nuclear antibodies level (ANA) were also observed. All of the applied therapies led to a decrease in PAD-4 and TNF\u03b1 levels after 12 weeks. The most significant changes, both in protein concentrations as well as in scale scores, were noted with anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy (adalimumab and infliximab). This phenomenon may be associated with the inhibition of TNF\u03b1 production at different stages of psoriasis development, including NET creation. The obtained data suggest the participation of PAD-4 in the activation of neutrophils to produce NETs in psoriasis, which may create opportunities for modern therapies with PAD inhibitors. However, further exploration of gene and protein expression in psoriatic skin is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T11:32:23Z","timestamp":1658143943000},"page":"8723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Changes in Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) and Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD-4) Levels in Serum of General Treated Psoriatic Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Czerwi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4177-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kasprowicz-Furma\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Placek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8372-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Owczarczyk-Saczonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3140682","article-title":"Psoriasis and respiratory comorbidities: The added value of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide as a new method to detect, evaluate, and monitor psoriatic systemic involvement and therapeutic efficacy","volume":"23","author":"Santus","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. 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