{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:38:14Z","timestamp":1791405494132,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Taiyuan","award":["(42077201)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(42077201)"]}]},{"name":"Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Taiyuan","award":["(202103021223300)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(202103021223300)"]}]},{"name":"Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Taiyuan","award":["(201901D111250)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(201901D111250)"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["(42077201)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(42077201)"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["(202103021223300)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(202103021223300)"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["(201901D111250)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(201901D111250)"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Basic Research Program","award":["(42077201)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(42077201)"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Basic Research Program","award":["(202103021223300)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(202103021223300)"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Basic Research Program","award":["(201901D111250)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(201901D111250)"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Applied Basic Research Program Project","award":["(42077201)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(42077201)"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Applied Basic Research Program Project","award":["(202103021223300)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(202103021223300)"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Applied Basic Research Program Project","award":["(201901D111250)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(201901D111250)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The continued development of the automotive industry has led to a rapid increase in the amount of waste rubber tires, the problem of \u201cblack pollution\u201d has become more serious but is often ignored. In this study, the emission characteristics, health risks, and environmental effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a typical, recycled rubber plant were studied. A total of 15 samples were collected by summa canisters, and 100 VOC species were detected by the GC\/MS-FID system. In this study, the total VOCs (TVOCs) concentration ranged from 1000 \u00b1 99 to 19,700 \u00b1 19,000 \u00b5g\/m3, aromatics and alkanes were the predominant components, and m\/p-xylene (14.63 \u00b1 4.07%\u201348.87 \u00b1 3.20%) could be possibly regarded as a VOCs emission marker. We also found that specific similarities and differences in VOCs emission characteristics in each process were affected by raw materials, production conditions, and process equipment. The assessment of health risks showed that devulcanizing and cooling had both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, yarding had carcinogenic risks, and open training and refining had potential carcinogenic risks. Moreover, m\/p-xylene and benzene were the main non-carcinogenic species, while benzene, ethylbenzene, and carbon tetrachloride were the dominant risk compounds. In the evaluation results of LOH, m\/p-xylene (25.26\u201367.87%) was identified as the most key individual species and should be prioritized for control. In conclusion, the research results will provide the necessary reference to standardize the measurement method of the VOCs source component spectrum and build a localized source component spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1658209073000},"page":"8753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Emission Characteristics and Health Risks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Measured in a Typical Recycled Rubber Plant in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yucheng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7594-4052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hefeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Beijing 100012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5766-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiusheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road Wanbailin District, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5313","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016596","article-title":"Tracer-based estimation of secondary organic carbon in the Pearl River Delta, south China","volume":"117","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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