{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:06:08Z","timestamp":1760238368760,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Infection with COVID-19 and its control entailing steroids and immunomodulatory medications disrupted normal immune function. The ensuing immunological disorder led to the rise of another infection\u2014Black Fungus (Mucormycosis). However, the spread of Black Fungus can be minimized through proper knowledge, informed attitude, and conscious preventive practice. This study aimed to assess students\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding Black Fungus amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among Bangladeshi students from June to July 2021. Using Google Forms, an e-questionnaire was developed for this web-based survey, and the participants were selected through a snowball sampling approach. Results: Out of the 2009 participants, more than half were female (53.5%), and the majority were at an age between 18 and 25 years (31.5%) and had received higher secondary (HSC) schooling (77.8%), while around 61% resided in urban areas. Findings revealed that most of the students (63.8%) spent around 2 h on electronic and social media to become informed about COVID-19 and Black Fungus. Approximately 33% of the students showed low KAP scores (32.9%), whereas around 26% had high KAP scores. Our results show a significant association between KAP and sex, schooling, living status, residence, and media exposure. Conclusion: The knowledge of Black Fungus considerably varies among Bangladeshi students considering the place of residence, age, sex, living arrangement, and media exposure. Policymakers should emphasize awareness among people focusing on the results of this study to increase deterrent attitudes and protective practices to minimize the risks of being infected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T21:11:05Z","timestamp":1658956265000},"page":"9146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices concerning Black Fungus during COVID-19 Pandemic among Students of Bangladesh: An Online-Based Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2396-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Akhtarul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Discipline, Science Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9748-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mst. Tanmin","family":"Nahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Discipline, Science Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6059-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Nafiul Alam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Discipline, Science Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2486-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahid Ahmad","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5585-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. S. M.","family":"Monjur-Al-Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9554-4825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sutapa Dey","family":"Barna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, International Standard University, 69 Mohakhali C\/A, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0732-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mostafizur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disaster and Human Security Management, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1362-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry Ratul","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Zaber","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of English, Bangladesh Military Academy, Bhatiari, Chattogram 4315, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0315-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Tanvir","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges","volume":"55","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Bio. Med. Atenei Parm."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). Weekly Operational Update on COVID-19-15 February 2022, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). COVID-19 Bangladesh Situation Reports: Situation Report 24 January 2022, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102092","article-title":"Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s42532-020-00048-1","article-title":"China\u2019s ongoing battle against the coronavirus: Why did the lockdown strategy work well?","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Socio-Ecol. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akter, R., Akter, M., Hossain, M.T., and Ahsan, M.N. (2021). Socio-environmental factors affecting mental health of people during COVID-19 in coastal urban areas of Bangladesh. Environmental Resilience and Transformation in Times of COVID-19, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-85512-9.00011-5"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61027-6","article-title":"Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: A systematic review","volume":"365","author":"Fazel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.041","article-title":"Mental health and a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China","volume":"269","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, R., Baker, S.S., Liu, W., Desai, S., Alkhouri, R., Kozielski, R., Mastrandrea, L., Sarfraz, A., Cai, W., and Vlassara, H. (2012). Effect of dietary advanced glycation end products on mouse liver. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035143"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.064","article-title":"Animal communication: When i\u2019m calling you, will you answer too?","volume":"27","author":"Vickers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2991\/dsahmj.k.210108.001","article-title":"Determinants of Generalized Anxiety, Depression, and Subjective Sleep Quality among University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh","volume":"3","author":"Shovo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Med. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938230","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.938230","article-title":"Mental Health Status of Teachers During the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Study in Bangladesh","volume":"13","author":"Hossain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., and Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3541120"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, M.T., Ahammed, B., Chanda, S.K., Jahan, N., Ela, M.Z., and Islam, M.N. (2020). Social and electronic media exposure and generalized anxiety disorder among people during COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A preliminary observation. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238974"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammad, M.A., and Alqarni, T.M. (2021). Psychosocial effects of social media on the Saudi society during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248811"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e09967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09967","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of internet addiction among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: An online cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Biswas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00265-4","article-title":"Rising incidence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19: Another challenge for India amidst the second wave?","volume":"9","author":"Raut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabir, H., Hasan, M.K., Rahman, M., Akter, S., Chowdhury, G.I., Bhuya, T.R., and Mitra, D.K. (2021). Black fungus or mucormycosis: A cross-sectional knowledge assessment among the Bangladeshi health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. PsyArXiv.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/dkzqx"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Chander, J. (2017). Textbook of Medical Mycology, JP Medical Ltd."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skiada, A., Pavleas, I., and Drogari-Apiranthitou, M. (2020). Epidemiology and diagnosis of mucormycosis: An update. J. Fungi, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040265"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"276","article-title":"Ebola Risk and Preparedness: A National Survey of Internists","volume":"31","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Sharma, N.C. (MINT, 2021). India Reports 40,854 Cases of Black Fungus So Far, MINT."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Ray, S. (Forbes, 2021). India Declares \u2018Black Fungus\u2019 Epidemic As Infections Rise Among COVID-19 Patients, Forbes."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6447","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27207","article-title":"Mucormycosis or black fungus infection is a new scare in South Asian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associated risk factors and preventive measures","volume":"93","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Kamruzzaman, M. (2021). Bangladesh Detects 2 Cases of Black Fungus in Capital, Anadolu Agency."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"SBS, A. (Wall Street Journal, 2021). Rare \u2018Black Fungus,\u2019 mucormycosis, infects thousands of COVID-19 survivors in India, Wall Street Journal."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3245","article-title":"The massive attack of COVID-19 in India is a big concern for Bangladesh: The key focus should be given on the interconnection between the countries","volume":"36","author":"Daria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Plan. Manag."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Biswas, S. (BBC News, 2021). Mucormycosis: The \u2018black fungus\u2019 maiming COVID patients in India, BBC News."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"National Organization for Rare Disorders (2021, October 27). Rare Disease Database: Mucormycosis. Available online: https:\/\/rarediseases.org\/rare-diseases\/Mucormycosis\/."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Jha, R.K. (2021). Explained: Why There Is Shortage of Black Fungus Drug in India, Indian Express."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005","article-title":"Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: Pathophysiology, presentation, and management","volume":"18","author":"Spellberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13256","article-title":"The double-edged sword of systemic corticosteroid therapy in viral pneumonia: A case report and comparative review of influenza-associated mucormycosis versus COVID-19 associated mucormycosis","volume":"64","author":"Ahmadikia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_297_21","article-title":"COVID-19 and eye: A review of ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19","volume":"69","author":"Sen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-015-0062-3","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge and practice of health workers towards tuberculosis infection control and associated factors in public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study","volume":"73","author":"Gizaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m810","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m810","article-title":"Preventing a COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"368","author":"Watkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S275689","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors regarding the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Wake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2020.36.297.23279","article-title":"Evaluation of knowledge and awareness of invasive fungal infections amongst resident doctors in Nigeria","volume":"36","author":"Oladele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pan Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100262","article-title":"Association between insomnia and mucormycosis fear among the Bangladeshi healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07082","article-title":"Exploring the association between mental health and subjective sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi university students","volume":"7","author":"Ahammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, M.A., Barna, S.D., Raihan, H., Khan, M.N.A., and Hossain, M.T. (2020). Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238162"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obenauer, J., R\u00fcbsamen, N., Garsevanidze, E., Karch, A., and Mikolajczyk, R.T. (2018). Changes in risk perceptions during the 2014 Ebola virus disease epidemic: Results of two consecutive surveys among the general population in Lower Saxony, Germany. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5543-1"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferdous, M.Z., Islam, M.S., Sikder, M.T., Mosaddek, A.S.M., Zegarra-Valdivia, J., and Gozal, D. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: An online-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.26.20105700"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kundu, S., Al Banna, M., Sayeed, A., Begum, M.R., Brazendale, K., Hasan, M.T., Habiba, S.J., Abid, M.T., Khan, M., and Chowdhury, S. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices toward the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey among Bangladeshi residents. J. Public Health, 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-021-01636-5"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayat, K., Rosenthal, M., Xu, S., Arshed, M., Li, P., Zhai, P., Desalegn, G.K., and Fang, Y. (2020). View of Pakistani residents toward coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during a rapid outbreak: A rapid online survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103347"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rugarabamu, S., Ibrahim, M., and Byanaku, A. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19: A quick online cross-sectional survey among Tanzanian residents. MedRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.26.20080820"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2020.1822978","article-title":"COVID-19 responses among university students of Bangladesh: Assessment of status and individual view toward COVID-19","volume":"31","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hum. Behav. Soc. Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45221","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey","volume":"16","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0600600104","article-title":"Generalized ordered logit\/partial proportional odds models for ordinal dependent variables","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banik, R., Rahman, M., Sikder, M.T., Rahman, Q.M., and Pranta, M.U.R. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi youth: A web-based cross-sectional analysis. J. Public Health, 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-37946\/v1"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farhana, K., and Mannan, K. (2020). Knowledge and Perception Towards Novel Coronavirus (COVID 19) in Bangladesh (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3576523). Soc. Sci. Res. Netw., 3576523.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3578477"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"59","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. De Psicol. Cl\u00ednica Con Ni\u00f1os Y Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Hossain, I. (2021, January 20). Mobile Operators Struggling to Cope with Rise in Data Consumption. Finance Express. p. 6. Available online: https:\/\/thefinancialexpress.com.bd\/trade\/mobile-operators-struggling-to-cope-with-rise-in-data-consumption-1587611418."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"85","article-title":"COVID-19 stress and addictive social media use (SMU): Mediating role of active use and social media flow","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19161","DOI":"10.2196\/19161","article-title":"Knowledge and behaviors toward COVID-19 among US residents during the early days of the pandemic: Cross-sectional online questionnaire","volume":"6","author":"Clements","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.643053","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices associated with COVID-19 among healthcare workers in hospitals: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"Almohammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1239","article-title":"Awareness, attitudes, and actions related to COVID-19 among adults with chronic conditions at the onset of the US outbreak: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"173","author":"Wolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2013.45.3.292","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality in patients with invasive mucormycosis","volume":"45","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1238","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1238","article-title":"COVID-19: India sees record deaths as \u201cblack fungus\u201d spreads fear","volume":"373","author":"Dyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kassie, B.A., Adane, A., Tilahun, Y.T., Kassahun, E.A., Ayele, A.S., and Belew, A.K. (2020). Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and associated factors among health care providers in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238415"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endriyas, M., Kawza, A., Alano, A., Hussen, M., Mekonnen, E., Samuel, T., Shiferaw, M., Ayele, S., Kelaye, T., and Misganaw, T. (2021). Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and its prevention in selected ten towns of SNNP Region, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255884"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers at Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among healthcare workers at District 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City","volume":"13","author":"Giao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azlan, A.A., Hamzah, M.R., Sern, T.J., Ayub, S.H., and Mohamad, E. (2020). Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.29.20085563"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.05.007","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers among healthcare workers regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan","volume":"105","author":"Saqlain","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.294305","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and preparedness to respond to COVID-19 among the border population of northern Thailand in the early period of the pandemic: A crosssectional study","volume":"9","author":"Srichan","year":"2020","journal-title":"WHO South-East Asia J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"em245","DOI":"10.29333\/ejgm\/8223","article-title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Preventive Practices toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi Internet Users","volume":"17","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electron. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa182","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with the COVID-19 among slum dwellers resided in Dhaka City: A Bangladeshi interview-based survey","volume":"43","author":"Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1086\/429923","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of community psychobehavioral responses during and after the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong","volume":"40","author":"Leung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Y., Pei, C., Zheng, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, K., Zheng, Z., and Zhu, P. (2020). A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practice associated with COVID-19 among undergraduate students in China. BMC Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09392-z"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/15\/9146\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:57:19Z","timestamp":1760140639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/15\/9146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19159146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19159146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]}}}