{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:41:58Z","timestamp":1783431718753,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and association of school-age children\u2019s participation in bullying, focusing on their health characteristics, risk factors, and leisure activities. We performed a secondary analysis of the original data of the 2017 HBSC study to examine participation in bullying once and multiple times among school-age children in Serbia. For this purpose, a nationally representative sample of 3267 children from 64 primary and high schools in the Republic of Serbia was evaluated. The outcome variable of interest in our study was participation in bullying. Further groups of individual variables such as health characteristics, risk factors, and leisure activities were assessed. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that children who felt everyday stomach pain, irritability or bad mood, and nervousness were more likely to participate in bullying at least once compared with those who rarely or never had such symptoms by 1.46, 1.58, and 1.58 times, respectively. School-age children who reported being drunk two to three times, and four or more times in life were more likely to participate in bullying than those who reported never being drunk by 1.53 and 1.74 times, respectively. Children who reported to watch TV or other media for five or more hours per day were 2.34 times more likely to be involved in bullying at least once. Multiple regression analysis showed that students with daily stomach pain, back pain, nervousness, and dizziness were more likely to be involved in multiple bullying by 1.16, 1.62, 1.82, and 1.70 times, respectively. Students who had nightly meetings or reported being drunk four or more times in the last 30 days were more likely to be involved in multiple bullying by 2.54 and 3.47, respectively. Students who reported playing games five or more times per day were 2.70 times more likely to be involved in this multiple bullying. This study highlights the importance of professional and family education programmes for early identification of specific health symptoms in the pediatric population, as well as integration with interventions aimed at reducing alcohol abuse among school-age children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T21:11:05Z","timestamp":1658956265000},"page":"9159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Participation in Bullying and Associated Health Characteristics, Risk Factors and Leisure Activities: A Profile of School-Age Children in Serbia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Santric-Milicevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Center-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4759-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Stevanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Center-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevena","family":"Popovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-998X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Milanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suncica","family":"Dedovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4059-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Zdravkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Medical Center \u201cBe\u017eanijska kosa\u201d, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nenad","family":"Bjelica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Centre \u201cDr Simo Milosevic\u201d, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratko","family":"Tomasevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterohepatology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovana","family":"Todorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Center-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zorica","family":"Terzic-Supic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Center-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biljana","family":"Obradovic-Tomasevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Milovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Cardiac Surgery Department, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Radosavljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0609-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejan","family":"Nikolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNESCO (2022, June 02). 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