{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:00:41Z","timestamp":1790780441119,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["312962\/2020-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312962\/2020-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiac rehabilitation with aerobic exercises is the first strategy for nonpharmacological treatment in the postoperative period of individuals undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to improve functional capacity and vascular health. However, other exercise modalities remain uncertain regarding the same benefits. Objectives: Evaluation of the effect of different modalities of exercise, such as early cardiac rehabilitation on subjects submitted to CABG in the six-minute walk test (6-MWT) and on the percentage of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Methods: A randomized clinical trial in which 15 patients (62.7 \u00b1 6.7 years) who underwent CABG were randomly assigned to the following groups: isometric (IG, Handgrip Jamar\u00ae), ventilatory muscle training (VG, PowerBreathe\u00ae) and control (CG, conventional respiratory and motor physiotherapy). All patients were attended to physically twice a day (20 min\/session) for a consecutive week after the CABG (hospital admission). Functional capacity was assessed by 6-MWT and endothelial function was assessed through the technique of FMD, before and after (~7 days) admission to CABG. The doppler ultrasound videos were analyzed by Cardiovascular Suite\u00ae software (Quipu, Pisa, Italy) to measure %FMD. Statistics: Generalized estimation equation, followed by Bonferroni post hoc (p &lt; 0.05). Results: Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SBP\/DBP\/MAP, respectively) were 133, 76 and 95 mmHg. The groups presented walking meters (m) distance before and after intervention of: IGbasal 357.80 \u00b1 47.15 m vs. IGpost 306.20 \u00b1 61.63 m, p = 0.401 (+51 m); VGbasal 261.50 \u00b1 19.91 m vs. VGpost 300.75 \u00b1 26.29 m, p = 0.052 (+39 m); CG basal 487.83 \u00b1 83.23 m vs. CGpost 318.00 \u00b1 31.08, p = 0.006 (\u2212169 m). %FMD before and after intervention was IGbasal 10.4 \u00b1 4.8% vs. IGpost 2.8 \u00b1 2.5%, p = 0.152; VGbasal 9.8 \u00b1 5.1% vs. VGpost 11.0 \u00b1 6.1%, p = 0.825; CGbasal 9.2 \u00b1 15.8% vs. CGpost 2.7 \u00b1 2.6%, p = 0.710 and resting mean basal blood flow was IGbasal 162.0 \u00b1 55.0 mL\/min vs. IGpost 129.9 \u00b1 63.7 mL\/min, p = 0.662; VGbasal 83.74 \u00b1 12.4 mL\/min vs. VGpost 58.7 \u00b1 17.1 mL\/min, p = 0.041; CGbasal 375.6 \u00b1 183.7 mL\/min vs. CGpost 192.8 \u00b1 115.0 mL\/min, p = 0.459. Conclusions: Ventilatory muscle training for early cardiac rehabilitation improved acute functional capacity and modulated mean flow of individuals undergoing CABG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T23:37:29Z","timestamp":1659310649000},"page":"9340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ventilatory Muscle Training for Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Improved Functional Capacity and Modulated Vascular Function of Individuals Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2077-3751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Eibel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o, Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia (IC\/FUC), Porto Alegre 90040-371, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5678-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana R.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o, Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia (IC\/FUC), Porto Alegre 90040-371, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2612-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Dipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), S\u00e3o Leopoldo 93022-750, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7875-9939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Waclawovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o, Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia (IC\/FUC), Porto Alegre 90040-371, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Marschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana C.","family":"Boll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o, Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia (IC\/FUC), Porto Alegre 90040-371, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato A. K.","family":"Kalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o, Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia (IC\/FUC), Porto Alegre 90040-371, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre M.","family":"Lehnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o, Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia (IC\/FUC), Porto Alegre 90040-371, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan R. K.","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute DOR for Research and Education (IDOR), S\u00e3o Paulo 04501-000, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Claudia Costa","family":"Irigoyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o, Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia (IC\/FUC), Porto Alegre 90040-371, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.05.010","article-title":"Inspiratory muscle strength as a determinant of functional capacity early after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"90","author":"Stein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. 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