{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:30:37Z","timestamp":1777523437595,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression","award":["#507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#507"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Self-report measures are central in capturing young people\u2019s perspectives on mental health concerns and treatment outcomes. For children and adolescents to complete such measures meaningfully and independently, the reading difficulty must match their reading ability. Prior research suggests a frequent mismatch for mental health symptom measures. Similar analyses are lacking for measures of Quality of Life (QoL). We analysed the readability of 13 commonly used QoL self-report measures for children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years by computing five readability formulas and a mean reading age across formulas. Across measures, the mean reading age for item sets was 10.7 years (SD = 1.2). For almost two-thirds of the questionnaires, the required reading age exceeded the minimum age of the target group by at least one year, with an average discrepancy of 3.0 years (SD = 1.2). Questionnaires with matching reading ages primarily targeted adolescents. Our study suggests a frequent mismatch between the reading difficulty of QoL self-report measures for pre-adolescent children and this group\u2019s expected reading ability. Such discrepancies risk undermining the validity of measurement, especially where children also have learning or attention difficulties. Readability should be critically considered in measure development, as one aspect of the content validity of self-report measures for youth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T20:52:01Z","timestamp":1659559921000},"page":"9555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Readability of Commonly Used Quality of Life Outcome Measures for Youth Self-Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Karolin R.","family":"Krause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada"},{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1006-1547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"Applied Research and Evaluation, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, 4-8 Rodney Street, London N1 9JH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Szatmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"Applied Research and Evaluation, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, 4-8 Rodney Street, London N1 9JH, UK"},{"name":"Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) (2013). 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