{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T10:25:52Z","timestamp":1784111152924,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alexander-von-Humboldt-Foundation","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent primary tooth (PPT) is a prevalent clinical condition that occurs when a primary tooth is over-retained beyond the established period of its normal exfoliation time, remaining in the oral cavity. Many factors could be involved in the risk of PPT; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COX2 gene are associated with PPT. Children undergoing orthodontic treatment were screened. Orthopantomographs were assessed to evaluate PPT according to the Nolla stage of its permanent successor. The primary tooth was considered retained when its successor permanent tooth was in Nolla stage 8 and below the alveolar crypt, Nolla stage 9, or Nolla stage 10. A saliva sample from each child was collected and used for DNA extraction. A real-time PCR of two SNPs, rs689466 (\u22121195 G\/A) and rs5275 (+665 T\/C), was performed. A chi-square test was used to compare the allele and genotype distribution. Haplotype analysis was also performed. A total of 100 children were included in the study. Fifty-one had at least one PPT, while 49 children were classified as a control. The number of teeth persistent in the oral cavity ranged from 1 to 8. The genotype distribution was associated with PPT in the co-dominant model (p = 0.006) for SNP rs5275. The individuals that carry two T alleles (TT) compared with the individuals that carry at least one C allele (C + TC) had an almost three times higher chance of presenting with PPT (p = 0.012; OR = 2.99, CI95% 1.28 to 6.95\u2013recessive model). The haplotype C-A for the SNPs rs5275 and rs689466, respectively, was significantly associated (p = 0.042). In conclusion, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding for COX2 are associated with persistent primary tooth and may delay permanent tooth eruption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T20:58:08Z","timestamp":1660597088000},"page":"10047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in COX2 Is Associated with Persistent Primary Tooth and Delayed Permanent Tooth Eruption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5351-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"K\u00fcchler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paran\u00e1, Rua Sydnei Antonio Rangel Santos, 238-Santo Inacio, Curitiba 82010-330, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suelyn","family":"Henklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba-UNIUBE, Uberaba 38010-200, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Proff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Lepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba-UNIUBE, Uberaba 38010-200, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Perin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paran\u00e1, Rua Sydnei Antonio Rangel Santos, 238-Santo Inacio, Curitiba 82010-330, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Paddenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliane","family":"Roskamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paran\u00e1, Rua Sydnei Antonio Rangel Santos, 238-Santo Inacio, Curitiba 82010-330, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5649-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flares","family":"Baratto-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paran\u00e1, Rua Sydnei Antonio Rangel Santos, 238-Santo Inacio, Curitiba 82010-330, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Univille University, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10, Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville 89219-710, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de Menezes-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba-UNIUBE, Uberaba 38010-200, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kirschneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"The mechanisms and mediators of tooth eruption\u2013models for developmental biologists","volume":"39","author":"Marks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. 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