{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:08:49Z","timestamp":1790813329866,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (Taiwan)","award":["Most-109-2410-H-182-009-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Most-109-2410-H-182-009-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (Taiwan)","award":["BMRPA19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRPA19"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Most-109-2410-H-182-009-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Most-109-2410-H-182-009-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMRPA19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRPA19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have a greater risk of comorbidities, including diabetes and anemia, and have higher hospital admission rates than patients with other diseases. The cause of hospital admissions is associated with ESKD prognosis. This retrospective cohort study involved patients with ESKD who received hemodialysis and investigated whether the cause of hospital admission changed before versus after they started hemodialysis. This study recruited 592 patients with ESKD who received hemodialysis at any period between January 2005 and November 2017 and had been assigned the International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for ESKD. The patients\u2019 demographic data and hospitalization status one year before and two years after they received hemodialysis were analyzed. A McNemar test was conducted to analyze the diagnostic changes from before to after hemodialysis in patients with ESKD. The study\u2019s sample of patients with ESKD comprised more women (51.86%) than men and had an average age of 67.15 years. The numbers of patients admitted to the hospital for the following conditions all decreased significantly after they received hemodialysis: type 2 (non-insulin-dependent and adult-onset) diabetes; native atherosclerosis; urinary tract infection; gastric ulcer without mention of hemorrhage, perforation, or obstruction; pneumonia; reflux esophagitis; duodenal ulcer without mention of hemorrhage, perforation, or obstruction; and bacteremia. Most patients exhibited one or more of the following comorbidities: diabetes (n = 407, 68.75%), hypertension (n = 491, 82.94%), congestive heart failure (n = 161, 27.20%), ischemic heart disease (n = 125, 21.11%), cerebrovascular accident (n = 93, 15.71%), and gout (n = 96, 16.22%). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that changes in the ICD-9-CM codes for native atherosclerosis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and hyperkalemia were associated with age. Patients who developed pneumonia before or after they received hemodialysis tended to be older (range: 69\u201370 years old). This study investigated the causes of hospital admission among patients with ESKD one year before and two years after they received hemodialysis. This study\u2019s results revealed hypertension to be the most common comorbidity. Regarding the cause of admission, pneumonia was more prevalent in older than in younger patients. Moreover, changes in the ICD-9-CM codes of native atherosclerosis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and hyperkalemia were significantly correlated with age. Therefore, when administering comprehensive nursing care and treatment for ESKD, clinicians should not only focus on comorbidities but also consider factors (e.g., age) that can affect patient prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T21:39:21Z","timestamp":1660858761000},"page":"10253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Causes of Hospitalization among End-Stage Kidney Disease Cohort before and after Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hsiu-Lan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Yunghe Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Hui","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Quality Control Room, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1343-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City 20641, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ching","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05980809","article-title":"The state of chronic kidney disease, ESRD, and morbidity and mortality in the first year of dialysis","volume":"4","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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