{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T06:04:53Z","timestamp":1762063493326,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although exercise is associated with improved health in many medical conditions, little is known about the possible influences of physical activity (PA) habits pre- and post- a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) on disease activity and progression. This cross-sectional study assessed, for the first time, self-reported pre- and post-diagnostic PA levels with the aim to verify if changes in these levels were correlated with demographic\/anthropometric data (e.g., weight, height, gender, age, BMI), disease duration, diagnostic\/clinical parameters (e.g., skin involvement, pulmonary hemodynamic\/echocardiographic data, disease activity) related to disease activity and progression, and quality of life in a population-based sample of patients with SSc. Adult participants (n = 34, age 56.6 \u00b1 13.3 years) with SSc (limited cutaneous SSc, lcSSc, n = 20; diffuse cutaneous SSc, dcSSc, n = 9; sine scleroderma SSc, n = 5) were enrolled at the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology of the Humanitas Research Hospital. All medical data were recorded during periodic clinical visits by a rheumatologist. Moreover, all subjects included in this study completed extensive questionnaires to evaluate their health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and others related to health-related physical activity performed before (PRE) and after (POST) the diagnosis of disease. The linear regression analysis has shown that either a high Sport_index or Leisure_index in the PRE-diagnostic period was correlated with lower disease duration in dcSSc patients. Physical load during sport activity and leisure time accounted for ~61.1% and ~52.6% of the individual variation in disease duration, respectively. In lcSSc patients, a high PRE value related to physical load during sporting activities was correlated with a low pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) and the POST value of the Work_index was positively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and negatively with creatine kinase levels (CK). Interestingly, the univariate analysis showed that Work_index accounts for ~29.4% of the variance in LVEF. Our analysis clearly reinforces the concept that high levels of physical load may play a role in primary prevention\u2014delaying the onset of the disease in those subjects with a family history of SSc\u2014as well as in secondary prevention, improving SSc management through a positive impact on different clinical parameters of the disease. However, it remains a priority to identify a customized physical load in order to minimize the possible negative effects of PA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T21:39:21Z","timestamp":1660858761000},"page":"10303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Preventive Role of Physical Activity in Systemic Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Correlation with Clinical Parameters and Disease Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4296-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Antinozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4245-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Grazioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3196-1336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital\u2014Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital\u2014Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4929-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Sgr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4289-9301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Bioengineering and Neuromechanics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Mauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attilio","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9628-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Caporossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-9387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Duranti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8900-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Ceci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2522-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Di Luigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0577-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Dimauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"961","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis\/scleroderma: A treatable multisystem disease","volume":"78","author":"Hinchcliff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. 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