{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T19:08:32Z","timestamp":1789412912260,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"organization of Women in Sciences for the Developing World (OWSD)","award":["3240309385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3240309385"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005920","name":"the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3240309385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3240309385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rhodes University","award":["3240309385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3240309385"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past century, the average age for onset of puberty has declined. Several additives present in our food are thought to contribute significantly to this early puberty which is recognized to also affect people\u2019s health in later life. On this basis, the impact of 40-days unique oral administration of the food dye tartrazine (7.5, 27, and 47 mg\/kg BW doses) was evaluated on some sexual maturation parameters on immature female Wistar rats. Vaginal opening was evaluated during the treatment period. At the end of the treatments, animals were sacrificed (estrus phase) and the relative weight of reproductive organs, pituitary gonadotrophin and sexual steroids level, cholesterol level in ovaries and folliculogenesis were evaluated. Compared to the control group, animals receiving tartrazine (47 mg\/kg BW) showed significantly high percentage of early vaginal opening from day 45 of age, and an increase in the number of totals, primaries, secondaries, and antral follicles; a significant increase in serum estrogen, LH and in uterine epithelial thickness. Our findings suggest that tartrazine considerably disturbs the normal courses of puberty. These results could validate at least in part the global observations on increasingly precocious puberty in girls feeding increasingly with industrially processed foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T22:23:13Z","timestamp":1661120593000},"page":"10410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of Tartrazine on Some Sexual Maturation Parameters in Immature Female Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5363-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth Louise Ndjengue","family":"Mindang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rhodes University, Makhanda P.O. Box 94, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charline Florence","family":"Awounfack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 7011, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek Tantoh","family":"Ndinteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg P.O. Box 17011, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-6449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui W. M.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rhodes University, Makhanda P.O. Box 94, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieudonne","family":"Njamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1159\/000336325","article-title":"Recent Secular Trends in Pubertal Timing: Implications for Evaluation and Diagnosis of Precocious Puberty","volume":"77","author":"Mouritsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm. Res. 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