{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:36:54Z","timestamp":1779928614329,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Naso-orbito-ethmoido-maxillary (NOEM) fractures are usually the result of a high or moderate intensity impact to the upper midface. These types of fractures are difficult to treat and are frequently misdiagnosed. Craniometric analysis can be of real aid in the treatment of NOEM complex fractures by establishing midfacial proportions. Aim: This study aims to establish the distances between selected anthropometric points and midfacial proportions found in the adult Caucasian population and to determine if any differences exist between genders. Methodology: Measurements between anthropometric points, nasion (N), dacryon (D), infraorbital foramen (IOF), frontomalare orbitale (FMO), rhinion (Rhi) and porion (Po), were made on 3D models obtained using patients\u2019 CT exams. Results: Significant differences were found between genders for the orbital dimensions represented by N\u2013FMO (p = 0.000), N\u2013IOF (p = 0.000), Rhi\u2013FMO (p = 0.000), Rhi\u2013IOF (p = 0.000), nose bridge width N\u2013D (p = 0.001), Rhi\u2013D (p = 0.016), D\u2013D (p = 0.038) and the projection of the nose evaluated by Rhi\u2013Po (p = 0.000), N\u2013Po (p = 0.000), while a t-test showed that there are no significant differences between males and females for the N\u2013Rhi (p = 0.254). Conclusions: The values of these measurements can be utilized during skeletal reconstruction after NOEM fractures, especially for bilateral comminuted fractures where no points of comparison are available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T22:23:13Z","timestamp":1661120593000},"page":"10412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Improving the Treatment Outcome of Naso-Orbito-Ethmoido-Maxillary Fractures Using Virtual Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Andrei-Mihail","family":"Ro\u0219u","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9772-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"\u0218ulea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geanina","family":"Bandol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan Mihail","family":"Cobzeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Moisii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentina","family":"Severin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza-Maria","family":"Cobzeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drago\u0219","family":"Negru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana Cristina","family":"Ro\u0219u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 730006 Vaslui, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drago\u0219 Octavian","family":"Palade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3978-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Vlad","family":"Costan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihail Dan","family":"Cobzeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital \u201cSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Supraorbital notch\/foramen, infraorbital foramen and mental foramen in Thais: Anthropometric measurements and surgical relevance","volume":"89","author":"Apinhasmit","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. 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