{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T02:10:46Z","timestamp":1771899046783,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["ZW7-85152953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZW7-85152953"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients who are post-COVID-19 will require more treatment soon. Therefore, it is important to understand the root cause of their psychological and somatic conditions. Previous studies showed contradictory results on the influence of pre-existing mental conditions. The present study examines the influence of these pre-existing conditions and their pre-treatment on the severity of post-COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: This analysis employs questionnaire data from a large study sample in Germany. Overall, 801 participants were included. All participants rated their health status on a scale from 0 to 100. Fatigue, depression, and anxiety were measured using the FAS, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scales. Results: All pre-pandemic values showed no significant differences between the groups. The current health status was rated similarly by the recovered patients (\u03bc = 80.5 \u00b1 17.0) and the control group (\u03bc = 81.2 \u00b1 18.0) but significantly worse by acutely infected (\u03bc = 59.0 \u00b1 21.5) and post-COVID-19 patients (\u03bc = 54.2 \u00b1 21.1). Fatigue, depression, and anxiety were similar for recovered patients and the control group. By contrast, there were significant differences between the control and the post-COVID-19 groups concerning fatigue (45.9% vs. 93.1%), depression (19.3% vs. 53.8%), and anxiety (19.3% vs. 22.3%). Conclusion: Fatigue and psychological conditions of post-COVID-19 patients are not associated with pre-existing conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19169924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"9924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of Pre-Existing Mental Conditions on Fatigue and Psychological Symptoms Post-COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Homann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Mikuteit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Dean\u2019s Office, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Niewolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3111-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg M. N.","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7084-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"St\u00f6lting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9496-9423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3564-4725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5500-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"M\u00fcllenmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Happle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Lung Research, Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease\u2014BREATH, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Excellence Cluster for Infection Research RESIST\u2014Resolving Infection Susceptibility, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Steffens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Dean\u2019s Office, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7129-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dopfer-Jablonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). 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