{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:41:29Z","timestamp":1777405289365,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tier I Canada Research Chair in Childhood Adversity and Resilience"},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant"},{"name":"Royal-Mach-Gaensslen Prize for Mental Health Research"},{"name":"CIHR Gold Leaf Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current evidence indicates that spanking is harmful to children\u2019s health and development and should never be used by parents or other caregivers. However, the critical factors that inform effective spanking prevention strategies are still not well understood. The objective of the current study was to determine if a parent\u2019s own adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) history was associated with increased likelihood of reporting their child being spanked at age 10 or younger. Data were drawn from the Well-Being and Experiences Study (the WE Study), a community survey of parents and adolescents from 2017\u20132018 (N = 1000) from Canada. The results indicated that a parent\u2019s own history of physical abuse, emotional abuse, spanking, and household mental illness in childhood were associated with an increased likelihood that their child would have been spanked. These findings indicate that a parent\u2019s ACEs history may be related to how their own child is parented and identify families who may be more likely to rely on spanking. Preventing physical punishment is necessary for healthy child development, reducing the risk of further violence, and upholding children\u2019s rights to protection. Parent\u2019s ACEs history may be an important factor to consider when developing and implementing child maltreatment prevention efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T21:28:12Z","timestamp":1661462892000},"page":"10580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Examination of Parents\u2019 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) History and Reported Spanking of Their Child: Informing Child Maltreatment Prevention Efforts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tracie O.","family":"Afifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2730-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Stewart-Tufescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Taillieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.01.014","article-title":"Spanking and adult mental health impairment: The case for the designation of spanking as an adverse childhood experience","volume":"71","author":"Afifi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abus. 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