{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:12:47Z","timestamp":1791850367327,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research has explored numerous consequences of workplace bullying, including a recent link to the exhibition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology. Role conflict as a workplace stressor may contribute to instances of bullying from a passive perspective, which may lead to PTSD symptomology in victims. What remains less explored is if role conflict has a direct relationship to PTSD symptomology and how personality traits such as neuroticism and workplace factors such as managerial competencies may moderate the stress brought on by role conflict. Hence the present study seeks to examine this gap in the literature. This study utilizes a between-subjects, cross-sectional design with 159 participants, 39.6% male and 60.4% female. Most participants (60%) were Italian workers of a large social cooperative organization. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the measurement model was valid and had an adequate model fit. Results from two separate moderated mediation analyses found a positive, full mediation between the independent variable of role conflict, the mediator of exposure to bullying, and the dependent variable of PTSD symptomology. Furthermore, in this study, neuroticism strengthened the indirect effect while managerial competencies weakened it. The results highlight the importance of training competent managers and providing resources for more vulnerable employees to moderate employee work stress and its negative outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T01:39:19Z","timestamp":1661737159000},"page":"10646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Workplace Bullying and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomology: The Influence of Role Conflict and the Moderating Effects of Neuroticism and Managerial Competencies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Miren","family":"Chenevert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2013Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Vignoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Copenaghen, 1353 Copenaghen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5998-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Balducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2013Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"A review of the extent, nature, characteristics and effects of bullying behaviour in schools","volume":"35","author":"Aluede","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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