{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:37:11Z","timestamp":1778812631439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research"},{"name":"King Saud University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to investigate the association of vitamin D (VD) knowledge, behavior, and attitude with BMI status among Saudi adults. This cross-sectional online survey included a total of 774 participants (M\/F: 239\/535). Knowledge about the overall sources of VD was highest in OB participants in correctly identifying sunlight (95.1%; p &lt; 0.001) while significantly more OW participants answered food (83.1%; p = 0.04) and fortified food (66.5%; p = 0.02). However, 18.9% of OB participants also wrongly identified air as a VD source and this was significantly higher than in other groups (p = 0.03). OW participants were 50% less likely to identify salmon and fish oil (odds ratio, OR 0.5 (95% Confidence interval, CI 0.4\u20130.7); p &lt; 0.01) and 40% more likely to identify chicken (OR 1.4 (1.0\u20131.9); p &lt; 0.05) as dietary sources of VD than controls. On the other hand, OB participants were almost three times more likely to know that sunlight exposure is the main source of VD than controls (OR 2.65 (1.2\u20136.0); p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, while VD knowledge overall was apparently high in Saudi adults regardless of BMI status, the quality of knowledge among OB and OW individuals appear inconsistent, particularly in terms of identifying the right VD sources. Public health awareness campaigns should include the correction of VD misconceptions so that high-risk populations are able to make well-informed decisions in achieving optimal VD levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191711107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T05:17:23Z","timestamp":1662441443000},"page":"11107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of Vitamin D Knowledge, Behavior and Attitude with BMI Status among Arab Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5472-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasser M.","family":"Al-Daghri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4794-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan","family":"Alfawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasiruddin","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A\u2019Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Al-Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 22490, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naji J.","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Obesity Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dara","family":"Aldisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9041-4546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghadah","family":"Alkhaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani M.","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9188-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadeel O.","family":"Almasoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7464-1383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina A.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rinad M.","family":"Alanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1493-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malak N. 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