{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:34:30Z","timestamp":1778121270430,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013918","name":"Stichting Innovatie Aliantie RAAK publiek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RAAK.PUB06.043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RAAK.PUB06.043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013918","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this observational study was to examine the differences between training variables as intended by coaches and perceived by junior speed skaters and to explore how these relate to changes in stress and recovery. During a 4-week preparatory period, intended and perceived training intensity (RPE) and duration (min) were monitored for 2 coaches and their 23 speed skaters, respectively. The training load was calculated by multiplying RPE by duration. Changes in perceived stress and recovery were measured using RESTQ-sport questionnaires before and after 4 weeks. Results included 438 intended training sessions and 378 executed sessions of 14 speed skaters. A moderately higher intended (52:37 h) versus perceived duration (45:16 h) was found, as skaters performed fewer training sessions than anticipated (four sessions). Perceived training load was lower than intended for speed skating sessions (\u2212532 \u00b1 545 AU) and strength sessions (\u22121276 \u00b1 530 AU) due to lower RPE scores for skating (\u22120.6 \u00b1 0.7) or shorter and fewer training sessions for strength (\u221204:13 \u00b1 02:06 hh:mm). All training and RESTQ-sport parameters showed large inter-individual variations. Differences between intended\u2013perceived training variables showed large positive correlations with changes in RESTQ-sport, i.e., for the subscale\u2019s success (r = 0.568), physical recovery (r = 0.575), self-regulation (r = 0.598), and personal accomplishment (r = 0.589). To conclude, speed skaters that approach or exceed the coach\u2019s intended training variables demonstrated an increased perception of success, physical recovery, self-regulation, and personal accomplishment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T20:52:03Z","timestamp":1662583923000},"page":"11221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Perceived Training of Junior Speed Skaters versus the Coach\u2019s Intention: Does a Mismatch Relate to Perceived Stress and Recovery?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruby T. A.","family":"Otter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Section Anatomie & Medical Physiology, Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8296-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"van der Zwaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Universiteit Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tynke","family":"Toering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos F. A.","family":"Goudsmit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Science, 5612 MA Eindhoven, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inge K.","family":"Stoter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovatielab Thialf, 8443 DA Heerenveen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8300-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0427","article-title":"Thirty-Eight Years of Training Distribution in Olympic Speed Skaters","volume":"9","author":"Orie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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