{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:17:24Z","timestamp":1791357444270,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP","award":["1\u20136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\u20136"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to examine the course of depression and anxiety in COVID-19 survivors with a psychiatric history compared with those without a psychiatric history. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey for COVID-19 survivors was conducted from July to September 2021. A total of 6016 COVID-19 survivors, the accuracy of whose responses was determined to be assured, were included in analyses. Exposures included psychiatric history and time since COVID-19 infection, and the main outcomes and measures included severity of depression and anxiety, as assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Results: Mean severity of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were significantly higher in participants with a psychiatric history than in those without a psychiatric history. Two-way analysis of covariance for PHQ-9 showed a significant main effect of the presence of psychiatric history and a significant interaction effect of psychiatric history \u00d7 time since infection. Two-way analysis of covariance for the GAD-7 score revealed a significant main effect of the presence of psychiatric history and time since COVID-19 infection and the interaction effect of these factors. Conclusions: The course of depression and anxiety was more severe in COVID-19 survivors with a psychiatric history than in those without a psychiatric history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T09:51:09Z","timestamp":1662630669000},"page":"11316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Differences in the Course of Depression and Anxiety after COVID-19 Infection between Recovered Patients with and without a Psychiatric History: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1625-6962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megumi","family":"Hazumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Sleep-Wake Disorder, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Usuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, August 09). 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