{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T04:13:15Z","timestamp":1787112795854,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42067026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42067026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In soil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are tightly bound to organic components, but surfactants can effectively transform them from a solid to a liquid phase. In this study, the biosurfactant rhamnolipid (RL) was selected as the eluent; shaking elution in a thermostatic oscillator improved the elution rate of pyrene, and the effects of RL concentration, temperature, and elution time on the elution effect were compared. After four repeated washings, the maximum elution rate was 75.6% at a rhamnolipid concentration of 20 g\/L and a temperature of 45 \u00b0C. We found that 38 \u03bcm Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI) had a higher primary reaction rate (0.042 h\u22121), with a degradation rate of 94.5% when 3 g\/L ZVI was added to 21 mM Na2S2O8 at 60 \u00b0C. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detected DMPO-OH and DMPO-SO4 signals, which played a major role in the degradation of pyrene. Overall, these results show that the combination of rhamnolipid elution and persulfate oxidation system effectively remediated pyrene-contaminated soil and provides some implications for the combined remediation with biosurfactants and chemical oxidation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T21:06:52Z","timestamp":1663103212000},"page":"11518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rhamnolipid-Enhanced ZVI-Activated Sodium Persulfate Remediation of Pyrene-Contaminated Soil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Wenyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction and Environmental Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University Liren College, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingdong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huapeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112075","article-title":"Negative role of biochars in the dissipation and vegetable uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an agricultural soil: Cautions for application of biochars to remediate PAHs-contaminated soil","volume":"213","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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