{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:45:55Z","timestamp":1787028355700,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["4216070281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4216070281"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The in situ chemical immobilization method reduces the activity of heavy metals in soil by adding chemical amendments. It is widely used in farmland soil with moderate and mild heavy metal pollution due to its high efficiency and economy. However, the effects of different materials depend heavily on environmental factors such as soil texture, properties, and pollution levels. Under the influence of lead\u2013zinc ore smelting and soil acidification, Cd is enriched and highly activated in the soils of northwestern Guizhou, China. Potato is an important economic crop in this region, and its absorption of Cd depends on the availability of Cd in the soil and the distribution of Cd within the plant. In this study, pot experiments were used to compare the effects of lime (LM), apatite (AP), calcite (CA), sepiolite (SP), bentonite (BN), and biochar (BC) on Cd accumulation in potatoes. The results showed that the application of LM (0.4%), AP (1.4%), and CA (0.4%) had a positive effect on soil pH and cations, and that they effectively reduced the availability of Cd in the soil. In contrast, the application of SP, BN, and BC had no significant effect on the soil properties and Cd availability. LM, AP, and CA treatment strongly reduced Cd accumulation in the potato tubers by controlling the total \u2018flux\u2019 of Cd into the potato plants. In contrast, the application of SP and BN promoted the migration of Cd from the root to the shoot, while the effect of BC varied by potato genotype. Overall, calcareous materials (LM, CA, and AP) were more applicable in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils in the study area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T23:39:22Z","timestamp":1663544362000},"page":"11736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Calcareous Materials Effectively Reduce the Accumulation of Cd in Potatoes in Acidic Cadmium-Contaminated Farmland Soils in Mining Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sitong","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2958-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Chuyang Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianling","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2009.06.014","article-title":"Prevalence of Kidney dysfunction in humans\u2014Relationship to cadmium dose, metallothionein, immunological and metabolic factors","volume":"91","author":"Nordberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70545-9","article-title":"Environmental exposure to cadmium and risk of cancer: A prospective population-cased study","volume":"7","author":"Nawrot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150322","article-title":"The spatiotemporal variation in heavy metals in China\u2019s farmland soil over the past 20 years: A Meta-analysis","volume":"806","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.068","article-title":"A review of soil heavy metal pollution from industrial and agricultural regions in China: Pollution and risk assessment","volume":"642","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.161","article-title":"Remediation techniques for heavy metal-contaminated soils: Principles and applicability","volume":"633","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2014.12.031","article-title":"In situ stabilization remediation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-contaminated paddy soil using bentonite","volume":"105\u2013106","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.09.053","article-title":"Rhamnolipid stabilized nano-chlorapatite: Synthesis and enhancement effect on Pb- and Cd-immobilization in polluted sediment","volume":"343","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113609","article-title":"Efficiency of lime, biochar, Fe containing biochar and composite amendments for Cd and Pb immobilization in a co-contaminated alluvial soil","volume":"257","author":"Hamid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, R., Ou, Q., Wang, H., Luo, Y., Dai, X., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., and Shi, L. (2022). Comparison of phytoremediation pPotential of nerium indicum with inorganic modifier calcium carbonate and organic modifier mushroom residue to lead\u2013zinc tailings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610353"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146477","article-title":"Factors influencing the effectiveness of liming on cadmium reduction in rice: A meta-analysis and decision tree analysis","volume":"779","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112621","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of liming on soil pH and cadmium accumulation in crops","volume":"223","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142582","article-title":"Influence of biochar and soil properties on soil and plant tissue concentrations of Cd and Pb: A meta-Analysis","volume":"755","author":"Albert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.114903","article-title":"The performance and mechanism of cadmium availability mitigation by biochars differ among soils with different pH: Hints for the reasonable choice of passivators","volume":"312","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, S., Ji, H., Shen, D., Mao, Y., and Shentu, J. (2022). The optimization strategy for Cd and Pb immobilization in soil by meta-Analysis combined with numerical modeling. Pedosphere.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedsph.2022.07.004"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19562-8","article-title":"Integration of manganese accumulation, subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and physiological responses to understand manganese tolerance in Macleaya cordata","volume":"29","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. R"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, F., Wang, Q., Meng, F., Chen, M., and Wang, B. (2020). Effects of long-term zinc smelting activities on the distribution and health risk of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Guizhou Province, China. Environ. Geochem. Health.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-020-00716-x"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-011-2115-6","article-title":"Impacts of lead\/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China","volume":"184","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, T., Bi, X., Li, Z., Sun, G., Feng, X., Shang, L., Zhang, H., He, T., and Chen, J. (2017). Contaminations, sources, and health risks of trace metal(Loid)s in street dust of a small city impacted by artisanal Zn smelting activities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14090961"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.015","article-title":"Effect of particulate organic matter fractions on the distribution of heavy metals with aided phytostabilization at a zinc smelting waste slag site","volume":"253","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137541","article-title":"Legacy of multiple heavy metal(loid)s contamination and ecological risks in farmland soils from a historical artisanal zinc smelting area","volume":"720","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138902","article-title":"Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical modelling of nitrogen transport in the karst critical zone","volume":"732","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"e01399","article-title":"Soil nutrient variation impacted by ecological restoration in the different lithological darst area, Shibing, China","volume":"25","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-014-0989-y","article-title":"Intensified soil acidification from chemical N fertilization and prevention by manure in an 18-year field experiment in the red soil of southern China","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.07.026","article-title":"Risk assessment for potentially toxic metal (loid)s in potatoes in the indigenous zinc smelting area of northwestern Guizhou Province, China","volume":"120","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3091.2012.01335.x","article-title":"Particle size scales and classification of sediment types based on particle size distributions: Review and recommended procedures","volume":"59","author":"Blott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Lu, R. (2000). Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soil Agriculture, China Agricultural Science and Technology Press."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1039\/b106311c","article-title":"Partitioning of Zn, Pb and Cd in river sediments from a lead and zinc mining area using the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure","volume":"3","author":"Svete","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2003.09.001","article-title":"Heavy metal accumulation by two earthworm species and its relationship to total and DTPA-extractable metals in soils","volume":"36","author":"Dai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2009). Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (ggplot2), Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.05.057","article-title":"The utilization of modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil reference materials of different origins","volume":"70","year":"2006","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2017.07.005","article-title":"Sorption and desorption of potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn) by soil amended with bentonite, calcite and zeolite as a function of pH","volume":"181","author":"Tahervand","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-021-02928-9","article-title":"Immobilization of Cd and Pb in a contaminated acidic soil amended with hydroxyapatite, bentonite, and biochar","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.04.049","article-title":"Release of cadmium in contaminated paddy soil amended with NPK fertilizer and lime under water management","volume":"159","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2004.02.004","article-title":"Natural materials for treatment of industrial effluents: Comparative study of the retention of Cd, Zn and Co by calcite and hydroxyapatite. Part I: Batch experiments","volume":"71","author":"Morando","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.08.087","article-title":"Cadmium adsorption and desorption behaviour on goethite at low equilibrium concentrations: Effects of pH and index cations","volume":"57","author":"Mustafa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2005.04.005","article-title":"Influence of pH, ionic strength and humic acid on adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) onto vermiculite","volume":"262","author":"Abate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2010.11.092","article-title":"Investigation of the sorption behavior of Cd (II) on GMZ bentonite as affected by solution chemistry","volume":"166","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Huang, C. (2000). Pedology, China Agriculture Press."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(17)60310-2","article-title":"Remediation of heavy metal-polluted agricultural soils using clay minerals: A review","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-018-2299-3","article-title":"Combined amendments of nano-hydroxyapatite immobilized cadmium in contaminated soil-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) system","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.04.081","article-title":"Changes in heavy metal mobility and availability from contaminated wetland soil remediated with combined biochar-compost","volume":"181","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/26395940.2021.1916407","article-title":"Immobilization of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, and Pb) in different contaminated soils with swine manure biochar","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut. Bioavailab."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27384","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0325-3","article-title":"Cadmium Uptake and Partitioning in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars with different tuber-Cd concentration","volume":"24","author":"Mengist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2003.00945.x","article-title":"Cadmium loading into potato tubers: The roles of the periderm, xylem and phloem","volume":"26","author":"Reid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101598","article-title":"Sepiolite clay: A review of its applications to immobilize toxic metals in contaminated soils and its implications in soil\u2013plant system","volume":"23","author":"Hamid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2478\/intag-2014-0018","article-title":"Long-lasting effects of bentonite on properties of a sandy soil deprived of the humus layer","volume":"28","author":"Czaban","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Agrophys."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152223","article-title":"The effects of biochar soil amendment on rice growth may vary greatly with rice genotypes","volume":"810","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-12007-0","article-title":"Effect of bamboo biochar on reducing grain cadmium content in two contrasting wheat genotypes","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1080\/01904160009382104","article-title":"Genotypic differences in effects of cadmium on growth and nutrient compositions in wheat","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1021\/es103426p","article-title":"Deposition and leaching of sulfur, nitrogen and calcium in four forested catchments in China: Implications for acidification","volume":"45","author":"Larssen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-011-9688-6","article-title":"Effects of pH and calcium on soil organic matter dynamics in Alaskan tundra","volume":"111","author":"Whittinghill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2012.12.091","article-title":"What is more important for enhancing nutrient bioavailability with biochar application into a sandy soil: Direct or indirect mechanism?","volume":"52","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0765.2007.00129.x","article-title":"Alleviation of cadmium phytotoxicity by magnesium in japanese mustard spinach","volume":"53","author":"Kashem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2478\/botcro-2014-0014","article-title":"Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants to cadmium toxicity in relation to magnesium nutrition","volume":"73","author":"Arsenov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Bot. Croat."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1139\/cjb-2015-0002","article-title":"Magnesium inhibits cadmium translocation from roots to shoots, rather than the uptake from roots, in barley","volume":"93","author":"Kudo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Botany"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1071\/CP15284","article-title":"Magnesium alleviates plant toxicity of aluminium and heavy metals","volume":"66","author":"Rengel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crop Pasture Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2015.1073670","article-title":"Magnesium and iron deficiencies alter Cd accumulation in Salix Viminalis L.","volume":"18","author":"Kebert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediat."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Q., Fang, J., Huang, F., and Cai, K. (2019). Silicon amendment reduces soil Cd availability and Cd uptake of two pennisetum species. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091624"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06863","article-title":"Iron\u2013manganese (oxyhydro) oxides, rather than oxidation of sulfides, determine mobilization of Cd during soil drainage in paddy soil systems","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/18\/11736\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:33:28Z","timestamp":1760142808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/18\/11736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph191811736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191811736","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]}}}