{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:31:27Z","timestamp":1789785087851,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As in many other parts of the world, the urban areas of the South Asian region are increasingly expanding. While cities today are the heart of commercial, technological and social development, they are also vulnerable to a variety of natural and anthropogenic threats. The complex urban infrastructure, and the ever-expanding population in cities, exacerbate the impacts of climate change and increase the risk of natural hazards. Throughout history, various hydrological disasters including floods, tidal surges, and droughts, and non-hydrological disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, and storms have led to catastrophic social, economic and environmental impacts in numerous South Asian cities. Disaster risk reduction is therefore central to ensure sustainability in urban areas. Although Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are identified as a promising strategy to reduce risk and increase resilience, there appears to be a lack of evidence-based approaches. NbS are measures that can be practiced to obtain benefits of nature for the environmental and community development through conserving, managing, and restoring ecosystems. Against this backdrop, the South Asian cities provide opportunities to evaluate capacities for achieving Nature-based Resilience (NbR) through NbS. This study documents insights from five cities of five different countries of the South Asian region which are subjected to a wide array of disasters: Barishal (Bangladesh), Phuentsholing (Bhutan), Gurugram (India), Kathmandu (Nepal), and Colombo (Sri Lanka). The primary objective of this study is to provide evidence on how NbS are being practiced. Thus, some success stories in cities under consideration are highlighted: restoration of natural canals through integrated development plans and community participation (Barishal), concepts of Gross National Happiness (GNH) and minimal nature interventions (Phuentsholing), \u201cGreening cities\u2019\u2019 including eco-corridors, vegetation belts, biodiversity parks (Gurugram), proper land use planning aims at different disasters (Kathmandu), and wetland restoration and management with multiple benefits (Colombo). These cases could therefore, act as a \u201cproxy\u201d for learning from each other to prepare for and recover from future disasters while building NbR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191911846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T21:12:53Z","timestamp":1663708373000},"page":"11846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Nature-Based Resilience: Experiences of Five Cities from South Asia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6789-8597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahua","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepthi","family":"Wickramasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4884-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imon","family":"Chowdhooree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programs in Disaster Management (PPDM), BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chimi","family":"Chimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture Department, College of Science and Technology, Royal University of Bhutan, Phuntsholing 13001, Bhutan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8869-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shobha","family":"Poudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8998-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhogendra","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab Faruqui","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3153-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajib","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/09562478221084560","article-title":"\u201cLiving systems infrastructure\u201d of Kolkata: Exploring co-production of urban nature using historical urban political ecology (HUPE)","volume":"34","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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