{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T03:20:27Z","timestamp":1764645627632,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of the type of birth and preterm birth on the risk of overweight and obesity in the children studied. The study involved 749 children of pre-school and school age, between 4 and 15 years of age. Information about the type of delivery and the potential preterm birth came from the child\u2019s health book and the mother\u2019s pregnancy card. The authors assessed the body height and body weight of each child. The analysis showed that on average every six children were born before due date (before the end of 37 weeks of gestation) and slightly more than 40% of the children were born by cesarean section (CS). A statistical analysis was performed, including descriptive statistics and Spearman\u2019s correlation, and to evaluate the differences in the analyzed groups, nonparametric tests and chi-square independence tests were used: the Mann-Whitney test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test due to the lack of a normalized distribution. The incidence of overweight and obesity was higher in 7\u201311-year-old boys born with CS vs. vaginal birth (VD) (p = 0.026). There were no statistically significant differences between BMI centile value and preterm birth. Cesarean section birth significantly increases the percentage of boys with overweight and obesity in early school age and may be associated with higher percentile values of children with BMI in this age group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T23:13:27Z","timestamp":1664147607000},"page":"12042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Preterm Birth and the Type of Birth and Their Impact on the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8354-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Baran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Weres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9638-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"SOLUTION-Statistical Analysis, 35-120 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Czenczek-Lewandowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Leszczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5786-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Wyszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, March 17). 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