{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:12:55Z","timestamp":1790179975285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goals of this work are the evaluation of the performances of official methods in the challenging determination of Cr(VI) in Cr(III)-rich particulate matter, and the development of a novel and robust analytical protocol for this issue. A liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry apparatus (LC-ICP-MS), together with an isotope-enriched spike addition technique, was used to allow the study of Cr(III)\/Cr(VI) interconversions during the extraction step. An original separation strategy based on Cr(OH)3 head-column stacking was developed to tolerate high concentrations of Cr(III) (up to 10 mg\/kg, with a Cr(VI) limit of detection of 0.51 \u00b5g\/kg) without the need of any sample pretreatment. After observing, the official extraction protocols always yield false positive values in the challenging situation of particulate matter of leather industries (where huge amounts of Cr(III) are present), a new extraction strategy was developed. The novel procedure involves a 48-h extraction at room temperature using a pH-8 phosphate buffer, which demonstrated that no Cr(III)\/Cr(VI) interconversions occur during this phase. To get rid of any possible interference caused by co-extracted substances, the measurement of the redox potential, together with the addition of a Fe(II)\/Fe(III) redox buffer was performed to fix chromium speciation during the overall analytical protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T23:13:27Z","timestamp":1664147607000},"page":"12111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["On the Determination of Cr(VI) in Cr(III)-Rich Particulates: From the Failure of Official Methods to the Development of an Alternative Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0371-3164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Spinazz\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Spanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Della Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4158-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Corti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche ed Applicate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3452-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Borghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3728-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2962-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1999-954X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William Robert","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Creative Leather Technologies, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0635-235X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan John","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Creative Leather Technologies, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico Maria","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4865-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"Recchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550130314","article-title":"The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review","volume":"13","author":"Katz","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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