{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:16:39Z","timestamp":1792804599515,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas","award":["PG03008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG03008"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0406gha72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Given the increased exposure to e-cigarettes and nicotine among young adults, difficulty in quitting vaping is likely, which supports the need for effective behavioral interventions. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to assess the testability of the contemporary multi-theory model of health behavior change in predicting the vaping quitting behavior among young adults in the United States. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 619 young adults engaged in vaping behavior and aged 18\u201324 years was recruited to complete a 49-item web-based survey. A structural equation model was used to test relationships between MTM constructs. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilized to predict the variance in the initiation and sustenance of vaping quitting behavior by predictor variables, such as demographic characteristics, history of behaviors, and MTM constructs. Results: Of 619 respondents, over 75% were White and nearly 70% had educational attainment equal to high school or some college. In total, 62% of respondents were using nicotine, followed by 33.3% were using cannabis. About 80% of the respondents reported being engaged in drinking alcohol, and nearly 45% were engaged in cigarette smoking. The predictive effect of all MTM constructs on vaping quitting initiation (adjusted R2 = 0.417, F (23, 595) = 20.215, p &lt; 0.001) and sustenance (adjusted R2 = 0.366, F (23, 595) = 16.533, p &lt; 0.001) was statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings of this study point to the usability and applicability of MTM in operationalizing and developing vaping quitting behavior interventions targeting young adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T23:13:27Z","timestamp":1664147607000},"page":"12139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessing the Testability of the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) in Predicting Vaping Quitting Behavior among Young Adults in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4624-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0722-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavita","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA"},{"name":"Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7335-3582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA"},{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Coforge Ltd., Atlanta, GA 30338, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2223-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Liang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2447-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traci","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3198-2812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda J.","family":"Ickes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, College of Education, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40509, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9244-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tejinder Pal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Civiletto, C.W., and Hutchison, J. 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