{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:12:03Z","timestamp":1791565923427,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["MOST-108-2314-B-195-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-108-2314-B-195-001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["MMH-108-147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-108-147"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["MMH-109-98"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-109-98"]}]},{"name":"MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan","award":["MOST-108-2314-B-195-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-108-2314-B-195-001"]}]},{"name":"MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan","award":["MMH-108-147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-108-147"]}]},{"name":"MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan","award":["MMH-109-98"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-109-98"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This double-blind, randomized controlled trial assessed bright light therapy (BLT) augmentation efficacy compared with placebo light in treating non-seasonal major depressive disorder. The study participants belonged to a subtropical area (24.5\u00b0\u201325.5\u00b0N) with extensive daylight and included outpatients who had received stable dosages and various regimens of antidepressive agents for 4 weeks before enrollment. The outcomes were the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Montgomery\u2013Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, which were assessed at weeks 1, 2, and 4. A total of 43 participants (mean age 45 years, ranging from 22\u201381) were randomized into the BLT [n = 22] and placebo light groups [n = 21]. After a 4-week administration of morning light therapy (30 min\/day), depressive symptoms did not reduce significantly, which might be due to the small sample size. Nonetheless, this study had some strengths because it was conducted in warmer climates, unlike other studies, and examined diverse Asians with depression. Our findings suggest that several factors, such as poor drug response, different antidepressive regimens, duration of BLT, and daylength variability (i.e., natural daylight in the environment) may influence the utility of add-on BLT. Researchers may consider these important factors for future non-seasonal depression studies in subtropical environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T21:03:10Z","timestamp":1664485390000},"page":"12430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Adjunctive Bright Light Therapy for Non-Seasonal Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8265-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Chao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"},{"name":"MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 112021, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9695-0777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 112021, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan-Pei Gloria","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Cognition and Mind Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ting","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Tse","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Ju","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 112021, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen-Ing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","article-title":"Acute and Longer-Term Outcomes in Depressed Outpatients Requiring One or Several Treatment Steps: A STAR*D Report","volume":"163","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. 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