{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:52:53Z","timestamp":1785232373942,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K07CA214839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K07CA214839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA261232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA261232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People with HIV (PWH) have higher rates of tobacco use compared to their societal counterparts and are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. A needs assessment was conducted to assess provider beliefs and opinions on tobacco treatment barriers and treatment approaches. The results highlighted a disconnect between the known importance of quitting smoking and barriers in linking patients to treatment, such as lack of patient interest and other patient issues being a higher priority. Using this assessment data, a treatment delivery approach, Proactive Outreach with Medication Opt-out for Tobacco Treatment Engagement (PrOMOTE), was devised and piloted. PrOMOTE consisted of an outpatient clinical pharmacist trained in tobacco treatment proactively contacting patients for counseling and to prescribe smoking cessation pharmacotherapy (varenicline or dual nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)) using an opt-out approach. The pilot was conducted with 10 PWH and patient reach and opt-out rates were evaluated. Of the 10 patients contacted, 7 were reached and none opted out of the pharmacotherapy prescription (varenicline = 6; NRT = 1). Providers know the importance of smoking cessation for PWH but encounter several barriers to implementing treatment. Using PrOMOTE methods to deliver tobacco treatment increased the reach and pharmacotherapy acceptance rate of PWH who smoke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T22:19:27Z","timestamp":1665267567000},"page":"12896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optimizing the Implementation of Tobacco Treatment for People with HIV: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Madeline G.","family":"Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Toll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"},{"name":"Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison Ross","family":"Eckard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine R.","family":"Sterba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"},{"name":"Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alana M.","family":"Rojewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"},{"name":"Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000298","article-title":"Trends in life expectancy of HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy across the globe: Comparisons with general population","volume":"11","author":"Wandeler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samji, H., Cescon, A., Hogg, R.S., Modur, S.P., Althoff, K.N., Buchacz, K., Burchell, A.N., Cohen, M., Gebo, K.A., and Gill, M.J. (2013). Closing the gap: Increases in life expectancy among treated HIV-positive individuals in the United States and Canada. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081355"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.4349","article-title":"Lung Cancer Mortality Associated With Smoking and Smoking Cessation Among People Living With HIV in the United States","volume":"177","author":"Reddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2019.1652364","article-title":"High smoking prevalence among HIV-positive individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Lindayani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4","article-title":"Tobacco Product Use Among Adults\u2013United States, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Cornelius","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2017.1330532","article-title":"Positive smoking cessation-related interactions with HIV care providers increase the likelihood of interest in cessation among HIV-positive cigarette smokers","volume":"29","author":"Pacek","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000619","article-title":"Patterns of lapses and recoveries during a quit attempt using varenicline and behavioral counseling among smokers with and without HIV","volume":"35","author":"Ashare","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services (2008). Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update: Clinical Practice Guideline."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1069","article-title":"Tobacco Use and Treatment of Tobacco Dependence Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Practical Guide for Clinicians","volume":"75","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9891-4","article-title":"Provider beliefs and practices relating to tobacco use in patients living with HIV\/AIDS: A national survey","volume":"16","author":"Shuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.011","article-title":"Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy and safety of varenicline for smokers with HIV","volume":"200","author":"Ashare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30002-X","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in people living with HIV in France (ANRS 144 Inter-ACTIV): A randomised controlled phase 3 clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Arsandaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty123","article-title":"Considering Systemic Barriers to Treating Tobacco Use in Clinical Settings in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Rojewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202002-170OC","article-title":"Determinants of Evidence-based Practice Uptake in Rural Intensive Care Units. A Mixed Methods Study","volume":"17","author":"Sterba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1626340","article-title":"Delivery and implementation of an algorithm for smoking cessation treatment for people living with HIV and AIDS","volume":"32","author":"Cropsey","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.177","article-title":"Proactive Tobacco Treatment and Population-Level Cessation: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"174","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw312","article-title":"Feasibility of Implementing a Hospital-Based \u201cOpt-Out\u201d Tobacco-Cessation Service","volume":"19","author":"Nahhas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12734","article-title":"It\u2019s time to change the default for tobacco treatment","volume":"110","author":"Richter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.04.062","article-title":"Effectiveness of an Opt-Out Electronic Heath Record-Based Tobacco Treatment Consult Service at an Urban Safety Net Hospital","volume":"158","author":"Herbst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-1982ST","article-title":"Initiating Pharmacologic Treatment in Tobacco-Dependent Adults. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"202","author":"Leone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002127","article-title":"Differences in the rate of nicotine metabolism among smokers with and without HIV","volume":"33","author":"Ashare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e549","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.19.00296","article-title":"Using a Quitline to Deliver Opt-Out Smoking Cessation for Cancer Patients","volume":"16","author":"Notier","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30215-6","article-title":"Immunological and infectious risk factors for lung cancer in US veterans with HIV: A longitudinal cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Sigel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002717","article-title":"Risk of smoking-related cancers among women and men living with and without HIV","volume":"35","author":"Hessol","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/19\/12896\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:48:20Z","timestamp":1760143700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/19\/12896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph191912896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191912896","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]}}}