{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:50:53Z","timestamp":1767340253649,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 44-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with end-stage renal failure, productive cough, and decreased exercise tolerance. She had owned nine cats, which resulted in long-term exposure (18 years) to silica-containing bentonite cat litter. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest showed micronodular lesions in the lungs, and mild mediastinal lymphadenopathy. A lung biopsy revealed multinucleated giant cells, some of which had birefringent material and Schaumann bodies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of silicon in the lung biopsy specimen, as well as in the patient\u2019s cat litter. The pulmonary condition was suggestive of sarcoid-like lung disease, rather than silicosis, sarcoidosis, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, according to the clinicopathological findings. Renal failure appeared to be a result of chronic hypercalcemia due to extrarenal calcitriol overproduction in activated alveolar macrophages. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with sarcoid-like lung disease complicated by end-stage renal failure from exposure to bentonite cat litter. Therapy with steroids, in addition to elimination of the bentonite cat litter exposure, resulted in a significant improvement in the health condition. At a follow-up visit after 4 months, an almost complete resolution of the lung lesions and a significant improvement in renal function were observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T20:49:31Z","timestamp":1665348571000},"page":"12921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sarcoid-like Lung Disease as a Reaction to Silica from Exposure to Bentonite Cat Litter Complicated by End-Stage Renal Failure\u2014A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-5708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Hubska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Club \u201cEndocrinus\u201d Affiliated to Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Shahnazaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Ros\u0142on","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedykt","family":"Szczepankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 7 Pawi\u0144skiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kostiantyn","family":"Nikiforow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44\/52 Str., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Pisarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44\/52 Str., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Barna\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Ambroziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mlika, M., Adigun, R., and Bhutta, B.S. 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