{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:42:56Z","timestamp":1778697776478,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parent\u2013child conflict can have a series of negative consequences concerning youth emotional and behavioral development. The link between family conflict and children\u2019s externalizing symptoms is well established, whereas the association with internalizing symptoms is less explored. Within the school context, children are engaged in other meaningful relationships (i.e., with teachers and peers) which contribute to their growth. This cross-sectional study aimed at understanding whether a cooperative behavior with the teachers is able to mediate the association between parent\u2013child conflict and children\u2019s psychopathological symptoms. We recruited 319 (150 boys) school-aged children (M = 11.3 years; SD = 1.8 years) and their parents and teachers. Children self-reported on their internalizing symptoms, whereas parents completed a questionnaire concerning their relationship with the child, and teachers rated children\u2019s behavior and internalizing\/externalizing symptoms. Analyses conducted through Hayes\u2019 PROCESS tool showed that cooperation with the teacher partially mediated the association between parent\u2013child conflict and child-reported depressive symptoms. Notably, cooperative behavior fully mediated the link between parent\u2013child conflict and children\u2019s internalizing and externalizing symptoms reported by teachers. Difficulties exhibited at school partly derive from a conflictual home environment. Our findings showed that such problems can be reduced thanks to a cooperative relationship with the teacher.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T20:55:11Z","timestamp":1665694511000},"page":"13151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cooperation with Teachers as a Mediator of the Relationship between Family Conflict and Children\u2019s Psychological Difficulties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8041-5278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Caputi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-9729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Forresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8818-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovica","family":"Giani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5978-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Scaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Toddlers\u2019 Social-emotional Competence in the Contexts of Maternal Emotion Socialization and Contingent Responsiveness in a Low-income Sample","volume":"20","author":"Schiffman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. 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