{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:37:05Z","timestamp":1788460625030,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]],"date-time":"2022-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Forensic dentistry plays an important role in human identification, and dental age estimation is an important part of the process. Secondary dentin deposition throughout an individual\u2019s lifetime and consequent modification in teeth anatomy is an important parameter for age estimation procedures. The aim of the present study was to develop regression equations to determine age in adults by means of linear measurements and ratios on sagittal, coronal and axial slices of maxillary central incisors using cone bean computed tomography (CBCT). Multiplanar measurements of upper central incisors were taken for a sample of 373 CBCTs. Subsequently, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate linear regressions were performed for age estimation. The equations obtained from axial linear measurements and ratios presented a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of \u00b110.9 years (R2 = 0.49), and a SEE of \u00b110.8 years (R2 = 0.50), respectively. The equation obtained for multiplanar linear measurements presented a SEE of \u00b110.9 years (R2 = 0.52), while the equation for multiplanar ratios presented a SEE of \u00b110.7 years (R2 = 0.51). Thus, CBCT measurements on upper central incisors were found to be an acceptable method for age estimation. Horizontal measurements, especially pulp measurements, improve the accuracy of age estimate equations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:04:55Z","timestamp":1665965095000},"page":"13370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Age Estimation Using Maxillary Central Incisor Analysis on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Human Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Arminda","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Science, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Muinelo-Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelines","family":"Cruz-Landeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Ginecology and Obstetrics, and Pediatrics, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Aroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9nico e Universitario (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7774-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Mercedes","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Cunqueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.12.012","article-title":"Application of Kvaal et al\u2019s age estimation method to panoramic radiographs from Turkish individuals","volume":"219","author":"Erbudak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. 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