{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:17:08Z","timestamp":1767989828982,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Susceptibility to infection and the risk of a severe course of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 among inmates are greater than in the general population. Therefore, it is extremely important to control infections in penitentiary institutions and to vaccinate as many inmates as possible. The objectives of the study are to present the number and percentage of inmates quarantined, infected with the SARS CoV-2 virus, and vaccinated against COVID-19 in 2021, and to describe the rules and organization of immunization. The information presented in the study was obtained from the Ministry of Justice in the form of access to public information. In 2021, 2065 cases of SARS CoV-2 infection were detected among inmates, and 5707 people were quarantined. The waves of infections among inmates in Poland ran parallel to those in the general population. Immunization of inmates began at the turn of February and March 2021. It took place in accordance with the provisions of the National COVID-19 Immunization Program. The program ensured equality of the inmates\u2019 population with the group to which individual inmates belong in the community. In 2021, nearly half of the inmates were covered by the full vaccination course. Inmates were vaccinated immediately after the vaccines were made available. There have been cases of refusals among inmates. There are no data that could determine the magnitude of the phenomenon and its exact causes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192113725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T02:31:03Z","timestamp":1666578663000},"page":"13725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["COVID-19\u2014Infections and Immunization of Inmates in Penitentiary Institutions in Poland in 2021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9218-5900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Augustynowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Medical Law, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Bachurska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Studies, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6129-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariola","family":"Borowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Medical Law, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6189-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Czerw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Medical Law, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Economic and System Analyses, National Institute of Public Health\u2014NIH\u2014National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Opolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Studies, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Management, University of Ecology and Management in Warsaw, 00-792 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"S\u0142abicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1015-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Pinkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education of Warsaw, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snowden, F.M. 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