{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T14:21:30Z","timestamp":1776176490945,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"NIOSH of the CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2U50\/OH009739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U50\/OH009739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"NIOSH of the CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U50\/OH009739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U50\/OH009739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"NIOSH of the CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U50\/ATU272750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50\/ATU272750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005220","name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2U50\/OH009739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U50\/OH009739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005220","name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U50\/OH009739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U50\/OH009739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005220","name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U50\/ATU272750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50\/ATU272750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies showed an association between lower respiratory tract symptoms (LRS) and exposure to the 9\/11 terrorist attack. However, few studies have examined the long-term impact of natural disasters on those with prior respiratory distress. The present study aims to assess the impact of Hurricane Sandy on persistent LRS among people exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attack. The analytic sample consisted of WTC Health Registry enrollees who completed survey waves 1, 3, and 4 and the Hurricane Sandy Survey and did not report LRS before the WTC terrorist attack. The log binomial was used to assess the association between the impact of Hurricane Sandy and persistent LRS. Of 3277 enrollees, 1111 (33.9%) reported persistent LRS post-Sandy. Participants of older age, males, lower household income, current smokers, and those with previous asthma were more likely to report persistent LRS. In separate adjusted models, multiple Sandy-related inhalation exposures (relative risk (RR): 1.2, 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.37), Sandy-related PTSD (RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.15\u20131.4), and Sandy LRS (RR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.48\u20131.81) were associated with persistent LRS post-Sandy. Our findings suggest that respiratory protection is important for everyone performing reconstruction and clean-up work after a natural disaster, particularly among those with previous respiratory exposures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192113738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T02:31:03Z","timestamp":1666578663000},"page":"13738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-Term Lower Respiratory Symptoms among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees Following Hurricane Sandy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8619-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean H.","family":"Locke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Gargano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard E.","family":"Alper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Brite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health & Human Performance, York College of City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY 11451, USA"},{"name":"CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY 11451, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20028","article-title":"Upper and lower respiratory diseases after occupational and environmental disasters","volume":"75","author":"Prezant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mt. 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Public Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2017.140","article-title":"Lower Respiratory Symptoms Associated with Environmental and Reconstruction Exposures After Hurricane Sandy","volume":"12","author":"Gargano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disaster Med. Public Health Prep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2010.16.1.44","article-title":"Lower Respiratory Symptoms Among Residents Living Near the World Trade Center, Two and Four Years after 9\/11","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-103512","article-title":"Risk factors for and consequences of persistent lower respiratory symptoms among World Trade Center Health Registrants 10 years after the disaster","volume":"73","author":"Friedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. 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Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025714729117","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist\u2014Civilian version","volume":"16","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101144","article-title":"Change in binge drinking behavior after Hurricane Sandy among persons exposed to the 9\/11 World Trade Center disaster","volume":"19","author":"Locke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh022","article-title":"Re: \u201cEstimating the Relative Risk in Cohort Studies and Clinical Trials of Common Outcomes\u201d","volume":"159","author":"Deddens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Alper, H.E., Gargano, L.M., Maslow, C.B., and Brackbill, R.M. (2018). Re-experiencing 9\/11-related PTSD symptoms following exposure to Hurricane Sandy. Int. J. Emerg. Ment. Health, 20.","DOI":"10.4172\/1522-4821.1000404"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeoa.2016.07.002","article-title":"The dynamics of physical and mental health in the older population","volume":"9","author":"Ohrnberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Econ. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357","article-title":"Adolescent Resilience: A Framework for Understanding Healthy Development in the Face of Risk","volume":"26","author":"Fergus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/21\/13738\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:00:54Z","timestamp":1760144454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/21\/13738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192113738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192113738","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]}}}