{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T23:28:19Z","timestamp":1781220499116,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the relevance of identity disturbance to personality disorder this study sought to complete a network analysis of a well validated measure of identity disturbance; the personality structure questionnaire (PSQ). A multi-site and cross-national methodology created an overall sample of N = 1549. The global network structure of the PSQ was analysed and jointly estimated networks were compared across four subsamples (UK versus Italy, adults versus adolescents, clinical versus community and complex versus common presenting problems). Stability analyses assessed the robustness of identified networks. Results indicated that PSQ3 (unstable sense of self) and PSQ5 (mood variability) were the most central items in the global network structure. Network structures significantly differed between the UK and Italy. Centrality of items was largely consistent across subsamples. This study provides evidence of the potential network structure of identity disturbance and so guides clinicians in targeting interventions facilitating personality integration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192113793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T04:40:36Z","timestamp":1666586436000},"page":"13793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modelling Identity Disturbance: A Network Analysis of the Personality Structure Questionnaire (PSQ)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Mangion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3808-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Simmonds-Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"},{"name":"Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Rotherham S61 1HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Kellett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"},{"name":"Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Rotherham S61 1HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology Department, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Degnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology Department, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology Department, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Freshwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington DL2 2TS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Poggioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, 20923 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5582-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Fiorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, 20923 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Erikson, E.H. 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